俄罗斯同胞政策在波罗的海国家的实践  

Practices of Russia's Compatriot Policy in the Baltic States

作　　者：杨友孙 唐佳怡 Yang Yousun;Valeria Davidova

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院政府管理学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2023年第1期110-132,157,共24页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：苏联解体后,大量俄罗斯族人继续侨居在波罗的海国家,俄罗斯力图通过强化同胞政策对这里的俄罗斯族人口施加影响,以抵消北约、欧盟的影响力。长期以来,俄罗斯侨胞更多时候成为周边国家与俄罗斯冲突的源头而非合作的桥梁。2008年俄格战争、2014年克里米亚危机均与俄罗斯同胞保护有关。波罗的海三个国家存在着众多俄罗斯族人口,他们与主体民族存在语言、文化差异,这使俄罗斯同胞政策得以借力。随着波罗的海国家政治稳定,经济、社会不断发展,以及俄罗斯族/俄语群体的公民身份、权利保护、社会融入等问题逐渐得到解决,这从根本上动摇了俄罗斯同胞政策的基础。俄罗斯需要根据形势,适度调整其同胞政策的目标和方向,才能促使俄族同胞成为国家间合作的桥梁。After the collapse of the Soviet Union,a large number of ethnic Russians continued to live in the Baltic States.Russia tries to exert influence on the Russian population here by strengthening the compatriot policy to offset the influence of NATO and the EU.For a long time,overseas Russian have often become the source of conflicts between neighboring countries and Russia rather than the bridge of cooperation.Russia-Georgia war in 2008 and Crimea Crisis in 2014 are all related to Russia's so-called protection of compatriots.There are many Russian populations in three Baltic countries,and there are linguistic and cultural differences between them and the main ethnic groups,which makes Russian compatriot policy available.With the political stability,economic and social development of the Baltic States,as well as the gradual settlement of the citizenship,rights protection and social integration of the ethnic Russians and Russian-speaking communities,the foundation of Russia's compatriot policy has been fundamentally shaken.Russia needs to adjust the goal and direction of its compatriot policy appropriately according to the situation,so as to make its compatriots become the bridge of cooperation between countries.

关 键 词：波罗的海国家 同胞政策 俄罗斯族 俄语群体 东正教会 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学]