破产审判改革、财政减负与企业降税  

Bankruptcy Trial Reform,Fiscal Pressure Reliefand Corporate Tax Burden Alleviation

作　　者：潘越[1] 纪翔阁 宁博[3] 陈怡萍 Pan Yue;Ji Xiang'ge;Ning Bo;Chen Yiping

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院 [2]厦门国家会计学院,厦门市361005 [3]厦门大学管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2023年第1期192-215,共24页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72172134、72102201、71790601、71972160)的资助。

摘　　要：本文立足于中国分地区试点设立清算与破产审判庭的现实场景,从地方财政压力与企业税负的关系入手,深入剖析破产审判改革对于企业减税降负的潜在影响。结果发现,破产审判改革显著降低了地区内的企业税负。机制检验显示,破产审判改革主要通过为地方财政“节流”和“开源”两个途径减轻财政压力,减小地方政府的征税激励,进而降低企业的税负水平。进一步地,从改革成效来看,当地方高级人民法院院长来自中央机关单位或更熟知当地情况时,破产审判改革的减税效应更为明显。此外,当地方司法环境较差或僵尸企业较多时,破产审判改革的效果更好。本文不仅有助于市场各方更加全面地洞悉破产审判改革的经济价值,同时还为持续完善市场退出机制、推动减税降负政策落实,进而激发地区经济活力提供了有益的政策参考。Based on the actual situation of the establishment of liquidation and bankruptcy trial divisions in China,this paper analyses the potential impact of bankruptcy trial reform on"tax cuts and tax burden reduction"of corporations based on the relationship between local fiscal pressure and corporate tax burden.The results show that bankruptcy trial reform has significantly reduced the corporate tax burden in the region.The mechanism test shows that the bankruptcy trial reform can relieve the fiscal pressure of the local government by decreasing fiscal spending and increasing fiscal revenues,reducing the taxation efforts of the local government,and thereby alleviating the tax burden on corporations.From the perspective of the reform results,the tax reduction effect of bankruptcy trial reform is more obvious when the chief of the local high court comes from the central government or is familiar with the local situation.Bankruptcy trial reform works better when there is a poor judicial environment or many zombie firms in the local area.This paper not only helps market entities to understand the economic value of bankruptcy trial reform more comprehensively,but also provides a useful policy reference for China to continuously improve the market exit mechanism,promote the implementation of the"tax cuts and tax burden reduction"policy and stimulate regional economic vitality.

关 键 词：破产审判改革 清算与破产审判庭 财政压力 企业税负 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学] F271