“信息就是力量”:信息生产与规范竞争  

"Information Is Power":Information Production and Norm Contestation

作　　者：王蕾 Wang Lei(the Fudan Development Institute,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦发展研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第1期53-86,152,153,共36页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“总体国家安全观视野下的网络治理体系研究”(项目批准号:17ZDA106)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：规范竞争是国家间博奔的重要形态,解释规范竞争结果产生的原因对于理解规范制定权的来源具有关键意义。参与规范竞争的国家需要发掘和处理个体或集体经验、历史或现实事件以及科学知识或统计数据等信息资源,使之适于支撑自己的规范主张,而信息生产的方式将影响规范竞争的走向。信息生产方式可分为三种类型,即一国独立生产信息、联合立场相近的国家组建信息生产与共享网络以及动员跨国机构参与信息生产。在不同的信息生产方式下,国家提供信息的质量存在差异。信息质量越高,越能够吸引尚未做出立场选择的中间国家将该信息引入本国的外交话语,以便进行自我表达和提升自己的国际地位。有效争取中间国家支持的一方将更容易在规范竞争中获胜。对于核裁军及网络安全两个议题领域的案例研究验证了这一理论。部分无核武器国家通过动员众多跨国机构参与信息生产,推动了《禁止核武器条约》在联合国表决通过;美国及其盟友借助信息生产和共享网络的运行在网络安全规范制定中占据优势地位。由此可见,国家参与规范竞争不仅需要阐述自己的规范主张,还应提升组建国家间信息生产与共享网络或者动员跨国机构参与信息生产的能力。Norm contestation is an important way that states compete with each other.Explaining the outcome of norm contestation can help understand how a state gains the norm-making power.States engaged in norm contestation need to transform individual or collectiveexperiences,historica1lor contemporary events,scientificknowledge statistics into appropriate information resources to argue for their normative proposals.In this sense,how information is produced is a factor deciding the outcome of norm contestation.A state has three approaches when producing information.It can provide information by itself,cooperate with like-minded states to construct an information production and sharing network,or it can mobilize the transnational professional organizations to participate in information production.The approach chosen by a state can affect the quality of information that is provided.The higher the quality is,the more attractive the information is for states which have yet to express their standpoints.These states may be interested in referring to the information in their diplomatic discourses,so as to improve self-performance and enhance international status.Public support expressed by these states can contribute to a triumph in norm contestation.Case studies on norm contestation happened in the fields of nuclear disarmament and cybersecurity can testify this theoretical framework.Some non-nuclear-weapon states mobilized multiple transnational organizations to join in information production,the result of which was that Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear WeaponSswasapproved by the United Nations.The United States and its allies have gained advantage in the making of cybersecurity norms through operating an information production and sharing network.The research shows that states engaged in norm contestation should not only elaborate their normative ideas,but also improve their capabilities when they expect to operate information production and sharing network or mobilize transnational organizations to join in information p

关 键 词：国际规范 规范竞争 信息政治 核裁军 网络安全 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]