最有利于未成年人原则内涵的规范性阐释  

Normative Interppretation of the Connotation of the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child

作　　者：苑宁宁 Yuan Ningning

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2023年第1期141-155,共15页Global Law Review

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“未成年人司法规律视野下罪错行为分级处遇体系研究”(19CFX031)的研究成果。

摘　　要：由于法律固有的滞后性和未成年人权利的广泛性,适用最有利于未成年人原则将成为一种常态。儿童最大利益原则是最有利于未成年人原则的国际法渊源,最有利于未成年人原则是儿童最大利益原则的国内法表达。考察国际法渊源,最有利于未成年人原则继受了权利本位、理解维度、涵涉个体与群体的所有事项、情境化运用、非绝对排他性等五个方面的一般属性。分析国内法规范,最有利于未成年人原则的具体要求可概括为尊重人格尊严、听取意见、特殊优先保护、适应健康成长规律、保护与教育相结合等五个方面。立足于现行法律规范提炼总结出来的以上十个方面,一体化构成最有利于未成年人原则的完整内涵,可为有效发挥这一法律原则保障未成年人权利的功用,提供稳定的知识体系和思维框架。On June 1st,2021,the first judgment on civil public interest litigation case relating to tattooing for children in China was made.In the absence of legal rules and precedents,the court invoked the principle of the best interests of the child and found that the defendant,who provided tattoo services to children,violated the rights and interests of child consumers and should be held liable under the law.Because of the fact that the law inherently lags behind the practice and because of the extensiveness of the rights of the child,the application of the principle of the best interests of the child will become the norm in the future,especially in law enforcement and judicial activities,which makes it urgent to fully and accurately define the connotation of the principle.An examination of the sources of international law shows that the principle should inherit five attributes from Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child,including conceptual basis,dimension of understanding,scope of application,method of application,and priority status.Specifically,it is based on the promotion and realization of the rights of the child,has three dimensions,namely a substantive right,an interpretative principle,and a rule of conduct,applies to all matters concerning children both as individuals and as a group,weighs and judges all relevant elements contextually,ensures that the best interests of the child are given priority and not absolute exclusivity.As the principle of the best interests of the child enters into the domestic legal systems of different state parties of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in different ways,it needs to be concretized by being integrated with the cultural values and legal traditions of each state party.China's understanding and integration into its own law of the principle of the best interests of the child was a process of evolution from ambiguous treatment to direct transplantation and thence to local transformation.After years of effort,the principle of the best int

关 键 词：儿童最大利益原则 最有利于未成年人原则 儿童权利公约 未成年人保护法 权利本位 

分 类 号：D922.183[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]