敦煌古藏文文献中的中观文献残卷及其特点  

A Discussion on Classification of the Dunhuang Tibetan Documents of‘Madhyamaka’and Its Features Based on Collections from the French National Library and British Library

作　　者：仁青吉[1] Rin-Chen-sKyid(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Northwest Minzu University.Research interests:Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Literature,Tibetan-Chinese Translation)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》2022年第4期83-92,共10页Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“敦煌藏文写本《维摩诘经》的整理及汉藏译本比较研究”(20BMZ027)。

摘　　要：敦煌藏文文献作为现存最为古老的藏文文献,内容涵盖佛教经典、历史著作、契约文书、法律条文、书信等,展现了吐蕃统治敦煌时期的社会风貌及汉藏文化交流的历史,是研究西域史、敦煌学、藏学等的第一手资料。文章以法藏和英藏敦煌藏文文献为资料来源,首先对搜集到的40多份古藏文中观文献残卷进行分类整理和归纳,详细找出原资料中缺页、错页、内容前后颠倒、互相穿插,甚至题名错误、不同资料混合编排等现象,进而提出该文献资料有待进一步整理、校勘和修补的必要性;其次,结合《中华大藏经•丹珠尔》所收相应规范本对其进行文本对勘研究,查找古今不同版本在内容和语言形式方面的异同。这些残卷内容涉及印度龙树大师所著《中观根本论无畏释》《六十颂如理论》《七十空性释》《缘起心要颂及其解说》以及提婆所著《手量论》和《手量释》《百字品颂》及《百字论》等经典论著,其中《百字品颂》及《百字论》译自汉译本,与《丹珠尔》所收藏译本不同,其他论典与《丹珠尔》所收相应文献并无明显差别。最后,敦煌古藏文中观写本与《丹珠尔》所收规范本相较,其最大的差别在于语言形式上的古今之差和部分词汇的不同翻译,文中对此类现象进行了列举分析和总结。呈现出历代藏族学者、语言学家、翻译家,根据佛经翻译的需要进行文字改革,促进藏文标准化,使之逐渐规范、日趋完善的历史轨迹。This paper introduces about 40 Tibetan documents relevant to the subject of‘Madhyamaka’from the collections of the Dunhuang Tibetan documents both in the French National Library and the British Library.Through examining of documents referring to‘Madhyamake’,this paper finds out that there are lots of mistakes occurring in these documents,such as wrong pages,missing pages and contents do not correspond to previous pages,etc.Nevertheless,this paper systematically classifies the collections of the Dunhuang Tibetan documents relevant to the theme of‘Madhyamaka’into seven categories comparing with“Tangyur”of“Zhong-hua-da-zang-Jing”.Most of the materials are relevant to‘Madhyamaka’written in 40 Tibetan documents are covered in“Tangyur”,which classified as six categories according to contents,however,a number of materials relevant to the theme of‘Madhyamaka’is not covered in“Tangyur”but also some of the contents are different from“Tangyur”,therefore it classified as the seventh category in this paper.For instance,the contents of Praise with A Hundred Words,A Discussion with A Hundred Words and An Explanation on the Fearlessness of Madhyamake are very different from that of“Tangyur”.

关 键 词：敦煌藏文文献 中观论典 分类 特征 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]