清朝处理萨木萨克问题的政策及其历史背景——以满文寄信档中伊勒图、奎林任职新疆时期为中心  

Policies and Related Historical Background of Qing Dynasty Dealing With Samusake Issue: In the Case of Yiletu and Kuilin Governing Xinjiang Recorded in Manchu Mail Imperial Decrees

作　　者：孙文杰 SUN Wen-jie(College of Chinese Languages and Literature&Research Center for Western Regions Culture and History,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学中国语言文学学院暨西域文史研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期117-124,共8页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“从满文寄信档看清代中期回疆总理大臣对天山南路的治理与认识研究”(21AZS004)。

摘　　要：清朝统一新疆后,为尽快消除潜在的政治威胁,实现天山南路的长治久安,对逃亡境外的萨木萨克实行了招抚—剿除—剿抚—招抚等政策,虽未获成功,但却在特定历史背景下对新疆政局的稳固有着积极意义。通过对满文寄信档的爬梳,可以丰富清朝处理萨木萨克问题的更多历史细节,可以发现清代治理新疆政策的种种弊病:回疆伯克体系的难以为继,清政府对伯克家族的严重依赖,对外政策的过度保守。After taking Xinjiang under reign, in order to get rid of potential political threat as soon as possible and to realize long-term and stable governance in Xinjiang, Qing Dynasty carried out a series of policies toward Samusake who had been in exile as offering amnesty, exterminating, eradicating and amnesty negotiation. These policies did not take much effect but entailed certain positive significance in stablizing Xinjiang under certain historical background. By reading carefully these related records of Manchu mail imperial decrees, it is found that they can demonstrate more historical details on Qing Dynasty dealing with Samusake issue and they also show the following shortcomings of Qing Dynasty’s governing Xinjiang:the discontinuity of Boke system, too much reliance of the central government on Boke clan and being too conservative in foreign policies.

关 键 词：满文寄信档 萨木萨克 伊勒图 奎林 新疆 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]