农业废弃物快速好氧发酵设备设计与试验  

Design and experiment of rapid aerobic fermentation equipment for agricultural waste

作　　者：谢滨 张志成 宋中建 王冉冉[2,3] 刘雨萌 石国萍 Xie Bin;Zhang Zhicheng;Song Zhongjian;Wang Ranran;Liu Yumeng;Shi Guoping(Shandong Taikai High Voltage Switchgear Co.,ltd.,Taian 271000,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments,Taian 271018,China;School of Information and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东泰开高压开关有限公司,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [4]山东建筑大学信息与电气工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《智能化农业装备学报（中英文）》2023年第1期62-70,共9页Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金(CARS一27);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)项目(2022TZXD0041)

摘　　要：针对目前在好氧发酵实际生产中存在发酵设备不适用、占地面积大、发酵周期长、自动化程度低等问题,通过增大发酵面积、减小物料深度、提高搅拌混合的均匀性、优化发酵周期的方法,设计了卧式圆柱形发酵罐,该设备有效容积为3 m^(3)。根据传热学和热损失模型分析了发酵物料散热机理,进一步优化了罐体外形设计,设计了自动控制系统。根据所选发酵物料黏度高、流动性差、易附着于罐壁等特性设计了宽—窄双螺旋式搅拌器,并对其进行有限元分析和物料搅拌均匀性分析,搅拌轴的最大模拟应力为4.23 MPa,搅拌轴最优转速为7.7 r/min。设备在有机肥厂进行了试验,以混合粪便、玉米秸秆和南瓜茎叶为发酵物料,运行过程中无需人工干预,发酵参数控制精度高,发酵完成后产品有机质含量高达51%,氮磷钾含量为8.8%,pH值为6.8,碳氮比为23,砷含量为11 mg/kg,镉含量为3 mg/kg,汞含量为1.7 mg/kg,铅含量为27 mg/kg,害虫卵死亡率为97%,粒径为9 mm,颜色为黑褐色,符合有机肥产品相关要求,发酵效率相比自然发酵高5~10倍。In view of the problems existing in the actual production of aerobic fermentation,such as unsuitable fermentation equipment,large area,long fermentation cycle and low degree of automation,a horizontal cylindrical fermenting tank,with the effective volume of 3 m^(3)was designed by increasing the fermentation area,reducing the depth of materials,improving the uniformity of mixing and optimizing the fermentation cycle.According to the heat transfer and heat loss model,the heat dissipation mechanism of the fermentation material was analyzed,the shape design of the tank was further optimized,and the automatic control system was designed.According to the characteristics of the selected fermentation materials,such as high viscosity,poor fluidity and easy attachment to the tank wall,a wide-narrow double-helical agitator was designed,and the finite element analysis and material stirring uniformity analysis were carried out on it.The maximum simulated stress of the stirring shaft was 4.23 MPa,the optimum rotational speed of the stirring shaft was 7.7 r/min.The equipment was tested in an organic fertilizer plant,using mixed feces,corn straw and pumpkin stems and leaves as fermentation materials.No manual intervention was required during the operation process and the fermentation parameters are controlled with high precision.After the fermentation,the organic matter content of the product was as high as 51%,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content was 8.8%,the pH value was 6.8,the carbon nitrogen ratio was 23,the arsenic content was 11 mg/kg,the cadmium content was 3 mg/kg,the mercury content was 1.7 mg/kg,the lead content was 27 mg/kg,and the mortality rate of pest eggs was 97%,the grain size is 9 mm,the color is dark brown,which meets the relevant requirements of organic fertilizer products,and the fermentation efficiency is five to ten times higher than that of natural fermentation.

关 键 词：农业废弃物处理 好氧发酵 堆肥设备 有限元分析 

分 类 号：S237[农业科学—农业机械化工程]