苏联的兴亡演变及其对世界历史进程的影响  

The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union and Its Corresponding Influence on the Course of World History

作　　者：王晓菊[1,2] Wang Xiaoju

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第6期1-12,156,共13页World History

基　　金：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所创新工程大型学科奠基性项目“社会主义史:理论与实践新探”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏俄国内战争结束后,为了保障新生苏维埃政权的生存和发展,各苏维埃共和国按照列宁的建议成立了苏联。从1922年成立到1991年解体,苏联走过了由兴盛到衰亡的曲折历程。作为世界上第一个社会主义国家,苏联在严峻的国内外环境中艰辛探索社会主义道路,为马克思主义理论做出原创性贡献,开启了世界历史上第一个社会主义现代化模式,成为世界反法西斯战争的中流砥柱,壮大了世界社会主义力量。苏联解体使世界社会主义事业遭受重创,持续近半个世纪的东西方冷战宣告终结,美苏两极格局不复存在。国际格局朝着美国独大的“单极”体系严重倾斜,并演变为“单极”与“多极化”的激烈斗争。苏联社会主义建设取得了辉煌的成就和丰富的历史经验,也有过不少严重失误和深刻教训。苏联的成立和发展对现代世界历史进程产生了深刻影响,在世界社会主义运动史上具有里程碑意义。After the end of the Russian civil war, the Soviet Republics founded the Soviet Union on the basis of Vladimir Lenin’s proposal in order to guard the survival of and guarantee the development of the newborn Soviet power. From the founding in 1922 to the disintegration in 1991, the Soviet Union went through a difficult and tortuous course containing from the prosperity to the decline. As the first socialist country in the world, the Soviet Union arduously explored the road of socialism in the severe domestic and international environment, which makes its original contribution to the Marxist theory,establishes the first model of socialist modernisation in world history, becomes the mainstay in the world anti-Fascist war, and strengthens the socialist forces around the world. The disintegration of the Soviet Union heavily inflicted the cause of socialism around the world and ended the Cold War between the East and the West which lasted nearly half a century. Accordingly, it has been no longer in existence for the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union. The international configuration was seriously inclined to the unipolar system dominated by the United States, and evolved into the fierce struggles between the monopole and the multi-polarisation. The socialist construction conducted by the Soviet Union had made splendid achievements and obtained abundant historical experience, while experienced many critical faults and learned profound lessons at the same time. The establishment and development of the Soviet Union exerted significant influence on the course of modern world history and has been a milestone in the history of the socialist movement in the world.

关 键 词：苏联 社会主义现代化模式 斯大林 戈尔巴乔夫 世界社会主义 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学] K512.5[政治法律—中外政治制度]