第二次世界大战期间英国“人民战争”话语的生成、传播及其影响  

The Generation,Dissemination and Influence of ’the People’s War’ Discourse in Britain during the Second World War

作　　者：莫磊 Mo Lei

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第6期102-117,159,共17页World History

摘　　要：“人民战争”是第二次世界大战期间英国社会用来表达对战争的态度和认知的一个基本描述。它产生于以“人民”为主题的公共话语体系,是“人民”意涵与民众的战时经历,以及对战后秩序的诉求互相融合的产物。“人民战争”话语叠加了精英阶层和普通大众对“二战”前后英国社会的基本认知。英国政府中的政治精英从战争动员的角度阐释“人民战争”的重要性,追求全国上下团结一致的意识形态。来自社会各领域的知识分子则从英国面临的社会问题出发,突出“人民战争”话语的社会变革意涵。普通民众接受了融合政府战争动员与战后社会变革内涵的“人民战争”话语。“人民战争”话语的兴起反映了话语理念与政治和社会实践之间的深层互动,它不仅推动了英国“人民战争”局面的形成,也深刻影响了战后英国的社会转型。’The People’s War’ is a basic description used by the British society to express attitudes and perceptions toward wars during the Second World War. It comes from the public discourse system with the theme of ’people’ and is the result of the combination of the meaning of ’people’, people’s wartime experience and their demands for the post-war order. The discourse of ’the People’s War’superposes the basic cognition of the elite class and the general public on the British society before and after the Second World War. From the perspective of war mobilisation, the political elites interpret the importance of ’the People’s War’ and pursue the ideology of national unity. The intellectuals from all areas of the society, starting from the social problems faced by Britain, highlight the reformed meaning of this discourse. The common people accept the discourse of ’the People’s War’, which integrates the connotation of war mobilisation and post-war reformation. The rise of the discourse of ’the People’s War’ reflects the interaction between the discourse idea and the political and social practice. It has not only promoted the formation of the situation of ’ the People’s War’ in Britain, but also profoundly influenced the social transformation of Britain after the Second World War.

关 键 词：第二次世界大战 英国政府 人民战争 战争动员 丘吉尔 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] K561.46[政治法律—中外政治制度]