沿海港口围填海要素制约问题分析及应对措施  

Factors restricting China’s coastal port reclamation: analysis and countermeasures

作　　者：王达川[1] 姚海元[1,2,3] 丁文涛 李善友[1] 赵鑫哲[1] WANG Da-chuan;YAO Hai-yuan;DING Wen-tao;LI Shan-you;ZHAO Xin-zhe(Transport Planning and Research Institute,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100028,China;Laboratory for Traffic&Transport Planning Digitalization,Beijing 100028,China;Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部规划研究院,北京100028 [2]综合交通规划数字化实验室,北京100028 [3]天津大学,天津300072

出　　处：《水运工程》2023年第2期7-11,16,共6页Port & Waterway Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600700)。

摘　　要：全球吞吐量前100名港口中有83个位于沿海地区,沿海港口作为我国重要的交通基础设施,地位重要、不可替代。考虑到我国沿海地区的资源禀赋条件,适宜建港的天然优良海岸线资源稀缺,大部分港口需要通过工程手段弥补水深、泥沙淤积、风浪掩护的不足,通过正常用海和必要围填海形成深水岸线资源,是保障沿海港口建设发展的基本规律和必然要求。目前,在《国务院关于加强滨海湿地保护严格管控围填海的通知》发布后,港口围填海实行“一刀切”,直接导致了港口规划环评要求全部取消新增围填海,围填海历史遗留问题处理极其缓慢,沿海港口新建项目基本停滞等诸多问题,港口建设与发展已呈现出“停摆”的征兆,亟待重点关注并研究应对措施。Among the top 100 ports in throughput around the world, 83 are located in coastal areas.As an important transportation infrastructure in China, coastal ports are playing an important and irreplaceable role.Due to the resource endowment conditions of China’s coastal areas, natural excellent shoreline resources suitable for port construction are scarce.Consequently, most ports have to make up for the weaknesses involving water depth, sediment deposition, and wind and wave sheltering by engineering means.The fostering of deep-water shoreline resources through normal sea use and necessary sea reclamation is a basic rule and an inevitable requirement to ensure the construction and development of coastal ports.However, the implementation of port reclamation has been in a “one size fits all” manner after the issuance of the Circular of the State Council on Better Protecting Coastal Wetlands and Having Land Reclamation Under Stringent Control.This directly leads to a series of problems.For example, the strategic environmental assessment of port plans requires that all new reclamation works be canceled.Other problems include the slow handling of the longstanding problems in reclamation and the virtual stagnation of new coastal port projects.Port construction and development have already shown signs of a “standstill”,which necessitates urgent special attention and research for corresponding countermeasures.

关 键 词：沿海港口 围填海 历史遗留问题 应对措施 

分 类 号：TK448.21[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] U651[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]