城乡二元结构转换过程中的农业劳动力转移——基于刘易斯第二转折点的验证  

Agricultural Labor Migration in the Process of Urban-rural Dual Structure Transformation:A Validation Based on Lewis’ Second Turning Point

作　　者：马晓河[1] 杨祥雪 MA Xiaohe;YANG Xiangxue

机构地区：[1]中国宏观经济研究院,北京100038 [2]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2023年第1期4-17,共14页Issues in Agricultural Economy

摘　　要：刘易斯理论中劳动力流动的第二转折点隐含了以农业劳动力转移为牵引实现城乡产业协调发展,最终破解城乡二元化格局实现城乡统一的劳动力大市场建设的基础逻辑。本文在刘易斯二元经济理论框架下,引入新古典生产函数,分析了我国农村剩余劳动力的释放实现农业发展进而达到第二转折点状态的路径,并根据现阶段国内产业间劳动生产效率差距较大的经济事实,在借鉴国际发展经验的基础上,认为刘易斯第二转折点的实现不但要优化农业劳动力规模和实现资本积累,更要加强农业生产中技术投入并制定有益于农业发展的产业政策,最终通过农业发展缩小农业和非农产业间的劳动生产效率差距,保证劳动者在城乡产业就业中能够等同地实现自身的价值、获得一致的回报,完成劳动力自由流动的城乡统一劳动力大市场建设。The second turning point in Lewis’ theory implies the basic logic that realizing the coordinated development of urban and rural area is based on the the rural-urban migration of labor and coordinated development of industries.Under the framework of Lewis’ dualistic economic theory, this paper introduces the neoclassical production function, analyzes the path of reaching the second turning point.According to the economic fact that there is a large gap in labor production efficiency between domestic industries at this stage, it is believed that the realization of Lewis’ second turning point should not only optimize the scale of agricultural labor force and realize capital accumulation, but also strengthen the technical input in agricultural production and formulate industrial policies conducive to agricultural development.In the end, the gap in labor productivity between agricultural and non-agricultural industries will be narrowed through agricultural development, ensuring that workers can equally realize their own value and obtain consistent returns in both urban and rural industries, and completing the construction of a unified urban and rural labor market with free labor mobility.

关 键 词：城乡统一大市场 刘易斯二元经济理论 第二转折点 劳动力转移 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]