浅论耳石与鱼类死亡年龄鉴定方法  

Discussion on Age Validation Method of the Fish Otoliths

作　　者：张红玉[1,2] 王春雪 Zhang Hongyu;Wang Chunxue

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生物考古实验室 [2]吉林大学考古学院 [3]吉林大学考古学院交叉考古系

出　　处：《农业考古》2023年第1期25-34,共10页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“古动物DNA视角下的丝路文化交流研究”(项目编号:17ZDA221)。

摘　　要：鱼类遗存是考古遗址中常见的动物遗存之一,目前针对鱼类遗存进行的专题研究,涉及种属鉴定与量化统计、表面改造痕迹研究、体长复原、肉量估计、捕鱼工具推测及环境重建等,而死亡年龄鉴定的相关工作的成果相对较少,且研究材料以脊椎等骨骼为主。耳石是随鱼类年龄增长稳定沉积在淋巴系统中的碳酸钙结构,其形成原理与特殊性质使得耳石成为有效鉴定鱼类死亡年龄的绝佳材料。利用耳石进行年龄鉴定在国内外渔业研究中已经拥有漫长的发展历史,在国外的考古遗址中利用耳石进行鱼类死亡年龄鉴定也日益普遍,已经产生许多成功案例。本文拟从鱼类死亡年龄研究简史,耳石基本特征及采集方法,利用耳石进行鱼类死亡年龄鉴定的基本方法这三个方面,来阐释耳石在鱼类遗存研究中的学术价值与意义。For the reasons of the vast territory and abundant species resources,fish remains are one of the most common animal remains in China.However,studies on fish remains have mainly focused on species identification,quantitative statistics,bone surface modifications,reconstruction of size,estimation of meat yield,inference of fishing tools and environment reconstruction etc.,while there have been fewer studies on the validation of dead age,and the research objects have been based on skeletal elements such as spines.Otolith consisted of calcium carbonate continuously deposited and immersed in the endolymph.Relatively isolated environment,annual periodicity and continuity of sedimentation make otolith become the ideal materials for age validation.Moreover,there is a long history for age validation with otolith at home and abroad,and it’s common in archaeological sites,which have left a series of successful examples.This passage makes efforts to introduce otolith,especially its value in age validation,based on brief research history on age validation of fish,basic features and method of retrieving of otolith and basic method of age validation.

关 键 词：耳石 鱼类死亡年龄鉴定 生长环 死亡季节 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]