生态视域下二十世纪二三十年代中国农业发展研究——以卜凯农业调查为例  

Research on China’s Agricultural Development in the 1920s and 1930s from the Perspective of Ecology:Taking Buck’s Agricultural Survey as an Example

作　　者：高志勇 王晶 Gao Zhiyong;Wagn Jing

机构地区：[1]河北大学历史学院 [2]邢台学院法政学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2023年第1期56-63,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目“白洋淀水环境变迁研究”(项目编号:HB19LS017)。

摘　　要：在人口压力与农业生产空间拓展下,二十世纪二三十年代的农业生产压缩了森林草原畜牧业的生产空间,出现了如植被覆盖率降低、土壤肥力流失、农业构成不合理等生态环境恶化问题。卜凯根据农业调查,主张依据自然规律规划或修复农业生态系统的发展链条,对农业生产进行整体规划和局部修复,并将农业生产划分为两大农业带八大农业区,提出了农业经营多样化、合理调整土地利用结构、发展林业牧草业、改善农业水环境等建议。卜凯在中国近代农业生态发展上的求索遵循了因地制宜原则和循环经济理论,力求形成一种良性循环模式,以达到提高农业经济和社会效益、改善民生的目的。卜凯的中国近代农业发展思想具有前瞻性和长远性,但是,受社会条件限制,其思想又具有一定的局限性。Due to the pressure of population and the expansion of agricultural production space,the space of forest and grassland animal husbandry had been compressed by the modern agricultural production,causing ecological and environmental problems such as low vegetation coverage,soil fertility loss,and unreasonable agricultural composition.Based on the agricultural surveys,Buck advocated planning and restoring the development chain of agricultural ecosystems according to the laws of the nature.He divided the agricultural production into eight major areas in the two major agricultural belts,and suggested diversifying agricultural operations,developing forestry and pasture industry,improving the agricultural water environment and rationally adjusting the land use structure.Following the principle of adapting to local conditions and the theory of circular economy,Buck strove to form a virtuous circle model to achieve agricultural economic and social benefits and improve people’s livelihood.Buck’s concept of modern agricultural development in China is very forward-looking and has long-term utility,though limited by the social context.

关 键 词：卜凯 农业生态系统 二十世纪二三十年代 问题 发展 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]