“近代的超克”与“大东亚亲和”的幻灭——太宰治《惜别》中的“弃医从文”叙事再探  

“Overcoming Modernity”and the Disillusion of“Greater East Asia Amicability”:The Narrative of Lu Xun’s Abandoning Medicine for Literature in Dazai Osamu’s Farewell

作　　者：徐利 Xu Li

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学东亚研究院

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2022年第4期195-209,共15页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“战后日本文学界的战争责任论争及其思想史位相”(项目编号:18AWW003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在创作于太平洋战争期间的国策小说《惜别》中,太宰治将鲁迅弃医从文置于近代日本从明治维新到太平洋战争的历史脉络,在“近代的超克”的语境中重构了弃医从文叙事。他不仅借周君之口,由鲁迅的医学救国志向与明治维新的关联出发,对中日两国的近代展开评骘,更将弃医从文中的医学与文学置换为兰学与国学乃至西洋科学与日本精神,以求达到对美英近代的“超克”。在日本与美英开战的冲击之下,太宰治以弃医从文叙事呼应《大东亚共同宣言》的“独立亲和”与“文化昂扬”原则,既反映出日本知识人卷入战时体制、为国效力的普遍事态,也体现了太宰治个人对战时天皇制国家的认同。然而,随着战败后“大日本帝国”的崩溃,其“近代的超克”式的自我理解与家国认同也旋即幻灭。In Farewell,a national policy novel written during the Pacific War,Dazai Osamu placed Lu Xun’s abandoning medicine for literature in the historical context of modern Japan from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War,and reconstructed the narrative of abandoning medicine for literature in the context of“overcoming modernity”.He not only wrote in the name of Zhou,starting from the connection between Lu Xun’s medical ambition to save the country and the Meiji Restoration,to commenting on the modernity of China and Japan,but also replaced medicine and literature with Dutch studies and the study of Japanese classical literature,even western science and Japanese spirit,in order to overcome the modernity of the United States and Britain.Under the impact of the war between Japan and the United States and Britain,Dazai Osamu echoed the principles of“independence and affinity”and“propagating culture”in The Joint Declaration of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere by abandoning medicine for literature,which not only reflects the general situation where Japanese intellectuals were involved in warfare and served the country,but also reflects his personal identification with the Emperor System State in wartime.However,with the collapse of the“Great Japanese Empire”after its defeat in the war,its self-understanding of“overcoming modernity”and its national identity were immediately disillusioned.

关 键 词：《惜别》 弃医从文 “近代的超克” “大东亚亲和” 

分 类 号：I313.074[文学—其他各国文学]