合理保护制度:海洋能源开发与水下文化遗产保护的冲突及应对  

Reasonable Protection Institutions:Conflict and Response between Marine Energy Development and Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection

作　　者：李松洋 LI Songyang(Institute of International Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《南海学刊》2023年第1期104-113,共10页The Journal of South China Sea Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18VDL002)。

摘　　要：海洋能源开发与水下文化遗产保护的法律制度有各自侧重的维度,但海洋空间的开发与利用是一个立体的、多方位的过程。因此,开发与保护之间极有可能面临现实的冲突。而这类冲突主要是因为制度的不平衡而导致的,其形式大多表现为海洋空间规划的不平衡与环境损害赔偿制度的不完善。具言之,国际法的“碎片化”和国际法与国内法的不协调是产生这类制度冲突的主要原因。为了解决此类冲突,必须以促进能源开发兼顾水下文化遗产保护为原则,并在这一原则指导下,通过环境影响评价、调整就地保护原则、增设能源企业的地质数据分享义务和损害赔偿责任,有效缓解制度冲突。The legal institutions of marine energy development and underwater cultural heritage protection have their own focused aspects;while the utilization of marine space is a three-dimensional and multifarious development process.Thus,a great possibility of realistic conflicts,which result from the imbalance of institutions.The main manifestation is the imbalance of marine space planning and the imperfection of the environment damage compensation system.Institutional conflict is mainly due to“fragmentation”of international laws and the relationship between international laws and domestic laws.Under guidance of the principle of promoting energy development and considering the protection of underwater cultural heritage,institutional conflict can be effectively alleviated by environment impact assessment.It can adjust the principle of in-situ protection and add the obligation for enterprises to share geological data and the liability of damage compensation.

关 键 词：国际法 海洋能源 水下文化遗产 《保护水下文化遗产公约》 法律平衡 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] D922.16[历史地理—历史学]