美国家庭森林发展和保护经验与启示  

Family Forest Development and Protection in the United States of America:Experience and Enlightenment

作　　者：李帅杰 彭红军[1] Li Shuaijie;Peng Hongjun(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,南京210037

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2023年第1期110-116,共7页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“产出随机的供应链融资模式优化与调控政策研究”(17BGL236)。

摘　　要：在我国集体林权制度改革之后,集体林地实行均山到户政策,由林农单独管理,难以实现统一的可持续经营,由此造成森林质量较低、森林生态服务能力减弱等问题,为此借鉴他国经验具有重要意义。文中从3个方面整理总结美国家庭森林发展与保护方面的经验,首先梳理其由政府主导构建的家庭林业政策扶持体系,其次对非政府环保组织培育的新型林业经营主体——“森林银行”进行分析,最后介绍美国利用市场激励机制通过林业碳汇项目引导家庭林主加强林地管护的做法;据此提出促进我国集体林发展的建议:完善林地产权制度,保障林农合法权益;构筑全方位的政策扶持体系;发展环保非政府组织,培育新型林业经营主体;积极发展林业碳汇项目。After the collective forest tenure reform,the collective forests have been allocated to farmer households and managed by individual farmers,which makes it difficult to achieve sustainable management and results in low forest quality and poor forest ecological service ability.This paper reviews the USA’s experience in family forest development and protection in three aspects.It describes the government-led supporting policy system for family forestry,analyzes the forest bank which is a new type of forest management subject fostered by the environmental NGOs,and introduces the practices that the USA uses market incentive mechanism to guide family forest owners to strengthen forestland management and protection through forestry carbon sink projects.On this basis,suggestions are put forward to promote the development of collective forestland in China,which includes improving forestland property system to safeguard the forest farmers’legitimate rights and interests,building an all-round supporting policy system,developing the environmental NGOs,fostering new forestry management subjects and launching forestry carbon sink projects.

关 键 词：林权改革 集体林地 扶持政策 森林银行 林业碳汇项目 美国 

分 类 号：F316.23[经济管理—产业经济]