北部土家语名词重叠的形式和句法语义  

The Syntax and Semantics of Noun Reduplication in Northern Tujia Language

作　　者：田洋 伍雅清 TIAN Yang;WU Yaqing(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Hunan University)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学中国语言文学学院 [2]湖南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2023年第1期125-143,共19页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：湖南省社科基金一般项目“语言类型学视域下土家语重叠研究”(20YBA054)的资助。

摘　　要：北部土家语中名词重叠极具特色,其几种形式类型的语义特征在世界语言中都较为罕见。从重叠词语的基式与重叠式的关系来看,土家语名词重叠可分为完全重叠和不完全重叠两类。其中,完全重叠式的基本形式为AB(C)AB(C),能完全重叠的名词主要有方位名词和地貌名词,方位名词重叠语义表“最”,即在所指示的方向位置的范围里胜过其余;地貌名词重叠后,原词中某些描写性特征的程度加深。不完全重叠式有A tçhi^(55) AB(C)和ABAX两种形式,二者语义上均表类指与任指,但在构成方式、进入格式的名词的范围、重叠式所表的词性以及组合关系上存在一定的区别。土家语名词重叠受到一定语言机制的制约:从内部机制来看,土家语缺乏本族程度副词,若需表“高量”,只能借助重叠的手段来实现;从外部机制来看,汉语与土家语长期接触影响,使得土家语借用了汉语的“A里AB”格式并加以改造,产生了A tçhi^(55) AB(C)的不完全重叠形式。Tujia language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of Sino-Tibetan Languages.Noun reduplication in Tujia language is very peculiar,whose semantic features of various types of reduplication are rarely found among languages in the world.The present study first provides a detailed description of the basic types of noun reduplication in Tuja,including the syntactic distributions and semantic features of each type,then it explores the constraints of noun reduplication of Norther Tujia language from syntactic and semantic perspectives.There are two types of noun reduplication in Tujia language:total reduplication and partial reduplication.Total reduplication takes the form of AB(C)AB(C),and it occurs mainly on two types of nouns:location nouns and geomorphic nouns.When location nouns are reduplicated,they yield the“superlative degree"meaning;when geomorphic nouns are reduplicated,the descriptive features associated with the root form AB(C)of the geomorp hic nouns are strengthened.Partial reduplication takes the form of A tçhi^(55) AB(C)or ABAX,both of which have the function of kind reference or arbitrary reference,but there are some differences in terms of the ways of composition,the types of nouns that can enter into partial reduplication form,the categories yielded after the nouns are partially reduplicated,and the reduplications'possible collocations with other syntactic elements.In short,the two different types of partial reduplication A tchi5s AB(C)and ABAX are subject to different syntactic and semantic constraints.The peculiarity of noun reduplication in Tujia language can be attributed to some internal and external mechanisms of the language.F or internal mechanism,Tujia language lacks native degree adverbs,hence when it comes to express superlative degree,it resorts to noun reduplication;for external mechanism,the long and frequent contact between Tujia language and Chinese facilitates its borrowing from the Chinese partial reduplication form A+li(里)+AB and reshaping it into A tçhi^(55) AB(C)as its own p

关 键 词：北部土家语 名词重叠 形式类型 句法语义 

分 类 号：H273[语言文字—少数民族语言]