汉字与中国式思维——作为一个哲学问题的断想  

Chinese Characters and Chinese People’s Mindset:Assumption of Research of Chinese Characters as a Philosophical Issue

作　　者：章启群[1] Zhang Qiqun

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2023年第2期5-19,共15页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

摘　　要：文字不只是语音的记录,还具有独立的价值。各种文字本身及其书写方式,都具有民族性的心理和文化特征。相比于拼音文字,汉字作为现存使用者最多的表意文字,其独立价值更加显著且重大。最新研究发现,汉语母语者阅读中文词汇可以诱发大脑顶中区产生汉字阅读独有的脑电反应。这说明拼音文字与拼义(即表意)的汉字阅读植根于不同的感官通道。由此可以推断,汉字与康德所论的“图式”具有很高的重合度和同构性,这是汉语使用者的一个思维优势。汉字是“有生命的图式”,由汉字使用生成的“中国式思维”与形象思维相关,但并不属于列维-布留尔所谓的原始思维。这个思维方式是中国人的“心灵词典”,外化为中国文化、艺术、哲学、宗教甚至科学等,蔓衍在社会生活的每一个神经末梢;在内则构成中国人把握世界的独特方式。The character is far more than a visual means for recording spoken languages.It has its own value.Different script systems and ways of writing manifest different national psyches and cultures.In comparison with alphabetic scripts,the Chinese characters,as the most widely used writing system based on ideography that survives history,is especially unique and significant in standing for its own value and meaning.According to the latest research,when reading the Chinese characters,the natives would produce a unique effect in electroencephalogram called the centro-parietal N200,which shows a possibility that the ideography-based script and the phonemic script are based on the different sensory mechanisms,and the former in nature is closer to the"scheme"proposed by Kant.This can be considered as a merit of the Chinese character users.In this study,I argue that the Chinese characters should be seen as"the living schema",and as the result,the Chinese way of perceiving reality is associated with imagery and concrete visual thinking,but this should not be considered as the primitive cognition pointed by Lucien LevyBruhl.On the contrary,this type of cognitive process can be metaphorically called"the mental dictionary"of Chinese people,which manifests itself in Chinese culture,art,philosophy,religion even science,and permeates every faculty of Chinese society,forming unique ways of perceiving the world.

关 键 词：汉字 中国式思维 脑电波 康德图式论 有生命的图式 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]