种植方式对青海湖流域人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响  

Effects of Planting Patterns on Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Artificial Pasture in the Qinghai Lake Basin

作　　者：李彩弟 张春平 俞旸[1,2] 杨晓霞 杨增增 冯斌 张小芳 刘玉祯 魏琳娜 孙彩彩 董全民[1,2] LI Cai-di;ZHANG Chun-ping;YU Yang;YANG Xiao-xia;YANG Zeng-zeng;FENG Bin;ZHANG Xiao-fang;LIU Yu-zhen;WEI Lin-na;SUN Cai-cai;DONG Quan-min(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University/Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第2期471-478,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：青藏高原现代牧场技术研发与模式示范(2018-NK-A2)资助。

摘　　要：为探究多年生人工草地在青海湖流域的适应性和稳定性,本研究以青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis.Qinghai)和青海中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis.Qinghai)单播及混播人工草地为研究对象,分析不同种植方式下人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的变化。结果表明:青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地和青海草地早熟禾单播草地的生物量和盖度高于青海中华羊茅单播草地,且在生长旺期(8月),青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地生物量最高,为586.2 g·m^(-2);青海草地早熟禾单播、青海中华羊茅单播和青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地间土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和土壤含水量在相同土壤深度下差异不显著,但土壤氮、磷及有机质间存在显著的相关性。综上所述,在青海湖流域建植青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播型人工草地可以获得较高的产量,但需在种植和管理过程中协调好土壤氮、磷间的关系。To explore the adaptability and stability of the sown grassland established by perennial grass species in Qinghai Lake Basin,this study measured the differences in productivity and soil nutrients of artificial pastures of Poa pratensis.Qinghai,Festuca sinensis.Qinghai,and P.pratensis.Qinghai+F.sinensis.Qinghai in the Bakatai farm of Qinghai Province.It was found that the biomass and coverage of P.pratensis.monocropping treatment and P.pratensis.Qinhai+F.sinensis Qinghai.mixed cropping treatment were higher than in the F.sinensis.monocropping treatment and the highest biomass of 586.2 g·m^(-2)was found in P.pratensis.Qinghai+F.sinensis Qinghai.mixed cropping treatment in August.The differences in soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and soil moisture content among the three treatments were not significant at the same soil depth.And there were significant correlations among soil nitrogen,phosphorus,and organic matter.In summary,the artificial pasture of P.pratensis.Qinghai+F.sinensis Qinghai.mixed cropping in the Qinghai Lake Basin can achieve higher yield,but the relationship between soil nitrogen and phosphorus needs to be well coordinated during planting and management.

关 键 词：人工草地 种植方式 生产力 土壤养分 青海湖流域 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]