经典统计力学中的正则分布及系综理论  

Canonical Distribution Law and Ensemble Theory in the Teaching of Statistical Mechanics

作　　者：王文宁[1] WANG Wenning(Department of Chemistry,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学化学系,上海200438

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

摘　　要：本文梳理了经典统计力学理论中正则分布的推导问题。从孤立体系的哈密顿方程和相空间出发,强调了相空间坐标可分性是推导正则分布的前提。讨论了温度因子的引入、热力学极限和系综概念的物理本质。进一步阐述了正则分布与玻尔兹曼分布、微正则系综和正则系综的关系。In this article, we re-visited the deduction of the canonical distribution law of the classical theory of statistical mechanics. Starting from the Hamiltonian equations of the isolated system and phase space, we stressed that the premise of the deduction of the canonical distribution law is the decomposability of the phase space. The introduction of temperature factor, the thermodynamics limit and the physical nature of the ensemble concept were also discussed. The relationship between the canonical distribution law and the Boltzmann distribution law, and that between the canonical and microcanonical ensembles were further elucidated.

关 键 词：统计力学 吉布斯系综理论 正则分布 微正则系综 玻尔兹曼分布律 

分 类 号：O642[理学—物理化学]