高危堰塞湖引流槽结构形式优化试验研究  

Optimization research on spillway structure for high-risk barrier lakes

作　　者：周招 蔡耀军 彭文祥 李建清 ZHOU Zhao;CAI Yaojun;PEN Wenxiang;LI Jianqing(Changjiang Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430072,China;Changjiang Survey,Planning and Design Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430072,China;National Dam Safety Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江设计集团有限公司,湖北武汉430072 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430072 [3]国家大坝安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第2期200-205,219,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508605);长江设计集团自主创新项目“高危堰塞湖溃决机理与应急处置技术研究”(BSH2021G03),“高危堰塞坝溃决机理试验研究”(BSH2021G01),“高危险堰塞湖引流槽控溃削峰技术研究”(CX2019Z25)。

摘　　要：针对高危堰塞湖溃决早期泄洪效率低下以及溃决洪峰难以控制等工程难题,通过室内物理模型试验优化调整引流槽横、纵断面结构形式,对比研究了常规梯形断面、复式断面以及垂直陡坎式引流槽条件下堰塞湖溃决洪水的特点。研究结果表明:不同结构形式引流槽堰塞湖溃决洪水过程普遍可划分为溃决初始阶段、溯源冲刷阶段、快速发展阶段以及恢复稳定阶段。相比于常规梯形断面引流槽,复式断面引流槽可明显降低堰塞体过水高程,加速溃决初始阶段发展,缩短堰塞湖蓄水时间,降低最大壅高水位,可减小最大溃决洪峰约17%。垂直陡坎可增大溃决水流局部流速,加速溯源陡坎回溯冲刷,明显加速堰塞湖溃决发展,缩短堰塞湖蓄水时间,降低堰塞湖最大壅高水位,且削减溃决洪峰最低仍能达到11.4%。Aiming at the common engineering problems of low discharge efficiency in the initial stage and large outburst flood peak of high-risk barrier lakes,we respectively adjust the lateral and longitudinal spillway structure through an indoor physical model and then comparatively investigate the outburst flood differences between the conventional trapezoidal,compound and the vertical scarp spillways.The results show that the outburst flood process can be successively divided into four feature stages,namely the initial stage,backward-source stage,swift development stage and the recovery stage.Compared to the conventional spillway,the compound spillway can effectively reduce the overflowing elevation of barrier body,accelerate the development of initial stage,and shorten water storage time of the barrier lake,thus lowering the water level of the lake and shaving the outburst flood peak by 17%.The vertical scarp spillway would significantly increase the local velocity to accelerate backward-source scouring,accelerate the development of initial stage,and shorten water storage time of the barrier lake,thus lowering the water level of the lake and shaving the outburst flood peak still by 11.4%.

关 键 词：堰塞湖 引流槽 复式断面 溃决洪峰 

分 类 号：TU41[建筑科学—岩土工程]