含海藻酸水溶肥减施对苹果生长、品质和根域土壤养分的影响  

Effects of water soluble NPK fertilizer with different content of alginate on apple growth, quality and rhizospheric soil nutrients

作　　者：于会丽[1] 邵微[1,2] 徐国益 谢宁 司鹏 YU Huili;SHAO Wei;XU Guoyi;XIE Ning;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Forest-ry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第2期242-251,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2021XDNY280);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610192022106);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200405)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究含海藻酸水溶肥对苹果长势、产量、品质、养分吸收及根域土壤养分的影响,为其在苹果园合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】进行2 a(年)定位试验,以新红星为供试材料,设置5个处理,NPK(C)(常规施肥)、NPK(F)(传统水溶肥)、NPK(HF)(含海藻酸水溶肥)、3/4NPK(HF)(减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥)和1/2NPK(HF)(减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥),测定不同处理苹果生长、果实品质、养分含量、土壤养分等相关指标。【结果】连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理均能增加苹果产量、叶片百叶鲜质量和叶面积,且其产量连续2 a均最高,较NPK(C)处理分别增加20.74%和101.20%。同时,与NPK(C)处理相比,2017年含海藻酸水溶肥处理均增加果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,降低可滴定酸含量,2018年,1/2NPK(HF)处理的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和可滴定酸含量呈相反趋势,降低果实品质。连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理均降低了色度角,其中,2018年较NPK(HF)处理分别显著降低20.50%和38.66%。此外,2018年,3/4NPK(HF)处理叶片磷钾养分含量最高,显著高于NPK(C)和NPK(F)处理,但其果实磷钾含量与其他处理无显著差异,且3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理土壤铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于NPK(C)处理。主成分分析表明,连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理的综合得分均最高,排名第一。【结论】在当前苹果园区,连续2 a减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥均可增加百叶鲜质量,提高苹果产量,保证果实品质和着色,增加叶片氮和土壤铵态氮含量,而减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥不利于可溶性固形物的积累。综合分析,连续2 a含海藻酸水溶肥减施25%综合效果最优。【Objective】The effects of alginate water soluble fertilizer on apple growth, yield, quality, nutrient absorption and rhizospheric soil nutrient were studied to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of water soluble fertilizer with alginate in apple orchard.【Methods】A 2-year positioning experiment was carried out in the apple orchard of Yandianzhuang, Yuanyang County, Xinxiang. The apple variety Starkrimson was used as experimental material, and five treatments were set as follows:NPK(C)(conventional fertilization), NPK(F)(traditional water soluble fertilizer), NPK(HF)(alginate water soluble fertilizer), 3/4 NPK(HF)(25% reduction of alginate in water soluble fertilizer) and 1/2NPK(HF)(50% reduction of alginate in water soluble fertilizer). In this experiment, the growth, fruit quality, nutrient content, and rhizospheric nutrient of apples under different treatments were measured to explore the potential of alginate mixed with water soluble fertilizer on increasing the efficiency of fertilization in apple orchard. All treatments were randomly arranged with three replicates, and the fertilizers were applied in the bud break stage, the first fruit expansion stage, the second fruit expansion stage,and early fruit picking stage, respectively. Field management measures were consistent with the local traditional management.【Results】Apple yield, fresh weight of 100 leave sand area of leaf were increased by the 3/4 NPK(HF) treatment by 20.74% and 101.20% in two consecutive years, compared with NPK(C) treatment, respectively. Compared with the NPK(C) treatment, the soluble solid and solid acid ratio of fruits were increased, and titratable acid content was decreased by the alginate water soluble fertilizer in 2017. There was no significant difference in fruit quality between the treatment of NPK(C) and 3/4NPK(HF), however, the 1/2 NPK(HF) treatment significantly increased the titratable acid, and reduced the solid/acid ratio, resulting in lower fruit quality in 2018. In terms of fruit color, the h

关 键 词：苹果 含海藻酸水溶肥 产量 果实品质 养分吸收 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]