新型环保防寒布对春见晚熟橘橙防冻效果的影响  

Effect of environment-friendly cold-proof fabric film covering on overwintering ability of Harumi tangor

作　　者：曾瑶 周上铃 尹杭 汪红秀 李群贞 侯灿 淳长品[1] ZENG Yao;ZHOU Shangling;YIN Hang;WANG Hongxiu;LI Qunzhen;HOU Can;CHUN Chang-pin(Citrus Research Institute/National Citrus Engineering Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400712,China;Nanchong Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所·国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第2期252-261,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(2021-ARS-26-01A);“农夫一品”新材料科技合作项目(4411901925)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨新型环保防寒布替代塑料薄膜提高晚熟柑橘春见防寒抗冻能力。【方法】设置树冠覆盖防寒布-果实未套袋(FH)、树冠覆盖防寒布-果实套袋(FHT)和树冠覆盖防寒布-果实套袋-地面铺设反光布(FHTF)3个处理,以树冠覆盖塑料膜-果实套袋为对照(CK),记录各处理和对照树冠温湿度变化、调查各处理和对照落果率和冻害程度、分析果实品质以及调查树体抽梢和开花情况。【结果】极端低温的温度由低到高依次为:FH<CK<FHT<FHTF,低温持续时间则相反。冻害指数和落果以FHTF处理最轻,其次是CK和FHT,FH最严重。试验结束时果实品质主成分分析综合排名依次为:CK<FHTF<FHT<FH,树冠覆盖防寒布处理的果实品质整体较覆盖塑料膜处理更佳。【结论】在极端低温发生时,树冠覆盖与果实套袋相结合有较理想的防寒效果,且新型防寒布与果实套袋组合的留树防寒贮藏效果优于塑料膜与套袋组合,表明新型防寒布能较好地替代塑料膜在晚熟柑橘越冬上的作用。【Objective】Late-ripening citrus has had a significant impact on the citrus market in recent years due to the benefits of excellent quality, high profit, and enormous potential. The development of late-ripening citrus in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas has been promoted due to abundant annual rainfall, and few frosts and snowfalls. The area of late-ripening citrus increased to 153 300 hm~2 in 2021. Harumi tangor [Citrus reticulate ×(C. reticulata× C. sinenesis)‘Harumi tangor’] has taken a significant role in late-ripening citrus industry. However, the late-ripening citrus industry is currently facing some problems, especially freezing damage. Low temperature would cause the citrus fruits granulation and dehydration, and decrease quality. Many measures for protecting late-ripening citrus trees and fruits from frost have been proposed, including covering film on tree canopy, bagging fruit, sod-culture,painting tree trunk with white coating, generating smoke in orchard, irrigation and so on. A new environmentally friendly non-woven cold-proof fabric film has been used for protecting citrus plant and fruits from low temperature in recent years to replace plastic film. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cold-proofing ability of the environmentally friendly cold-proof fabric materials on Harumi tangor, and its possibility to replace plastic film as a new type of cold protection.【Methods】The study was conducted in the orchard in Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province from November 30, 2020,to March 28, 2021. 20 trees with relatively consistent growth and fruit number were selected for each treatment. There were three treatments: covering the canopy with non-woven fabric film only(FH), covering the canopy with non-woven fabric film + bagging the fruit(FHT), covering the canopy with nonwoven fabric film + bagging the fruit + covering the ground with reflective fabric(FHTF), and covering the canopy with plastic film + bagging the fruit(CK) was used as control. The temperature and

关 键 词：晚熟柑橘 春见 防寒措施 品质 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]