山东桃褐腐病病原菌种群鉴定及致病性分析  

Population identification and pathogenicity analysis of peach brown rot pathogens in Shandong province

作　　者：李志伟 汪少丽 刘保友[1,2] 杜建峰 王英姿 LI Zhiwei;WANG Shaoli;LIU Baoyou;DU Jianfeng;WANG Yingzi(Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China;College of Life Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,Shandong,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultrual University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500 [2]烟台大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264005 [3]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第2期327-339,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-30);农业农村部农作物病虫鼠害疫情监测与防治项目(15216042,15226041);作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(2020KF11);山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010602,2021CXGC010802);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2020KC026);山东省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队病虫防治与质量控制岗位专家项目(SDAIT-06-11);烟台市科技计划项目(2021NYNC015);烟台市涉农项目。

摘　　要：【目的】明确山东省桃褐腐病病原菌种群结构及其致病力差异,为山东桃褐腐病病原菌的多样性研究及有效防控提供理论依据。【方法】采集烟台、威海、临沂等地桃褐腐病样本,利用形态学鉴定、rDNA-ITS序列分析、欧氏距离非加权组平均法(UPGMA)等技术手段,对桃褐腐病病原菌种类、致病力等进行分析。【结果】采集桃树叶片、果实、枝条褐腐病样品,通过组织分离获得41株桃褐腐病病原菌,这些菌株在菌落形态上存在较大差异,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析,分别鉴定为Monilinia fructicola、Monilia yunnanensis及Monilia polystroma,三者占比分别为80.48%、9.76%、9.76%。桃褐腐病病原菌菌丝生长速率为0.47~1.09 cm·d-1,UPGMA聚类分析证实,其生长速率可被划分为慢、中、快三大类。采用桃叶片有伤接种菌饼方法,确定桃褐腐病病原菌引起的病斑大小范围为0~2.32 cm,UPGMA聚类分析证实,其致病力可被划分为强、中、弱三类。桃褐腐病病原菌菌丝生长速率及产孢量与致病力相关性分析发现,相关系数r分别为0.297 5、0.030 0,表明菌丝生长速率及产孢量均与致病力无相关性。【结论】山东省桃褐腐病病原菌主要为Monilinia fructicola,Monilia yunnanensis及Monilia polystroma,其中Monilinia fructicola为优势菌种,Monilia yunnanensis是首次在山东省被鉴定,证实了山东省桃褐腐病病原菌趋于多样化,不同菌株间菌丝生长速率、产孢量及致病力存在较大差异,菌丝生长速率及产孢量均与致病力无相关性。【Objective】China has the biggest peach planting area and output in the world. There are 20 provinces with a peach planting area exceeding 10 000 hm~2, and Shandong province ranks first. Peach brown rot is an important peach disease caused by Monilinia spp. Peach brown rot mainly damages fruits, but also flowers, leaves and shoots. Fruit can be damaged from the young fruit stage to the mature stage. If it rains in the later stage of growth, disasters are common, and the incidence rate is more than 80% or even there is no harvest. It can also occur during transportation and storage, causing the fruit to lose its commercial value. This study aimed to clarify the species of Monilinia spp. associated with peach brown rot in Shandong province based on ITS sequencing and morphological identification,as well as to determine the distribution, morphological and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogens.The results are expected to provide a better acknowledge of the disease and scientific basis for its prevention and control.【Methods】The leaves, branches and fruits infected by peach brown rot were collected from main producing areas in Shandong province and were used as disease samples. The pathogens were isolated by the routine plant tissue isolation method. The pathogens were identified through microscopic observation of the morphological characteristics of hyphae, conidia and sporulation. To further identify the pathogens, total genomic DNA was extracted using a fungal genomic DNA extraction kit, and subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of partial region of rDNA-ITS(ITS). PCR products were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis by the blast comparison and the neighboring method(NJ) by MEGA 6.0 to identify the taxonomic status of the pathogens on peach brown rot. The average growth rate of the mycelial was measured by the criss-cross method after 5 days culture on PDA plate. The spore production was recorded under a microscope using hemocytometer. The pathogenicity was determined on leaves inoc

关 键 词：桃褐腐病 山东 种群 RDNA-ITS 致病力 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.621[农业科学—园艺学]