甜柿炭疽病病原种类及生物学特性比较  

Pathogen identification and biological characteristics of sweet persimmon anthracnose causing by Colletotrichum species

作　　者：任立超 谢昀烨[2] 施鹏程 武军 方丽[2] 王汉荣[2] REN Lichao;XIE Yunye;SHI Pengcheng;WU Jun;FANG Li;WANG Hanrong(Yongkang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Yongkang 321304,Zhejiang,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiolo-gy,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]永康市自然资源和规划局,浙江永康321304 [2]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第2期340-349,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：永康市科技计划项目(YK202154)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确浙江金华太秋甜柿果实炭疽病主要病原种类,探究不同病原菌生物学特性的差异,为甜柿炭疽病防治提供科学依据。【方法】2021年6—10月,通过对浙江金华永康太秋甜柿生长期果实炭疽病病样的采集和分离,致病性测定和系统发育分析,确定其主要病原菌种类;通过对不同甜柿炭疽病病原菌在不同温度、pH值、培养基类型、光照等培养条件和致死温度的测定,揭示不同种之间的差异。【结果】3种甜柿炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum horii、C. siamense和C. fructicola)为浙江金华太秋甜柿果实炭疽病主要病原菌,其中暹罗刺盘孢引起太秋甜柿炭疽病为国内首次报道。生物学特性研究表明,果生刺盘孢、哈锐炭疽菌和暹罗刺盘孢最适生长温度为30℃,最适产孢温度为35℃,哈锐炭疽菌最适产孢温度为25℃;果生刺盘孢和暹罗刺盘孢菌丝生长最佳培养基为PDA、CMA和GA,果生刺盘孢产孢最佳培养基为胡萝卜煎汁培养基,暹罗刺盘孢产孢最佳培养基为CMA培养基;哈锐炭疽菌菌丝生长最佳培养基为PDA和CA,产孢最佳培养基为OA培养基。pH值4~10均适宜甜柿炭疽病菌菌丝生长,果生刺盘孢在pH值5和9时产孢最佳,暹罗刺盘孢和哈锐炭疽菌在pH值9和10时产孢最佳;光照对太秋甜柿炭疽病菌菌丝生长无影响,但对不同的炭疽病菌的产孢影响较大,持续光照有利于果生刺盘孢产孢,光照黑暗交替可刺激哈锐炭疽菌产孢,光照对暹罗刺盘孢的产孢影响不大;果生刺盘孢分生孢子的致死温度为47.9℃10 min,哈锐炭疽菌和暹罗刺盘孢分生孢子的致死温度为49.2℃10 min。【结论】首次研究明确3种甜柿炭疽病病原菌的生物学特性差异。【Objective】In 2021, the spot blight and fruit drop of persimmon, which caused by Colletotrichum sp., seriously affected over 50% of Taiqiu persimmon trees in an orchard(ca. 0.8 hm~2) near Yongkang city, Zhejiang province, China. These pathogens infected fruits, sepals and pedicle on the persimmon tree, and hastened their senescence. The fruit set rate would be reduced while the disease exacerbated in the field, which seriously affected the yield of persimmon. So far, anthracnose of sweet persimmon fruit is very serious in Zhejiang province. In order to clarify the Colletotrichum species of sweet persimmon anthracnose, biological characteristics and occurrence conditions, the experiment was undertaken, which can not only understand the occurrence of persimmon anthracnose and influence factors,but also provide ecological prevention and control measures for persimmon anthracnose. Furthermore,this research can provide epidemiological basis for sweet persimmon anthracnose and help to develop ecological prevention and control for the cultivation of sweet persimmon in Zhejiang province.【Methods】The purified strains were isolated from the typical disease samples collected from Yongkang city,Zhejiang province, China. The isolated data of Colletotrichum species were assembled and the isolation frequency from every month was showed in our research. The symptoms, colony morphology and conidia size of the main pathogens were observed in preliminary identification. Pathogenicity was measured by direct inoculation and wounded inoculation in illumination incubator under the conditions of 25 ℃, 16 h Light and 8 h dark. Phylogenetic tree of Colletotrichum species based on the combined ITSACT-TUB2-GAPDH-CHS1 sequences of the representative isolates was constructed by maximum likelihood method and Bayesian probability method with MEGA 7 software and Bayesian software. Bayesian posterior probabilities(Bpp) were followed by the bootstrap values of ML on the nodes in the topology. Representative strains of different Colletotr

关 键 词：甜柿 果生刺盘孢 暹罗刺盘孢 哈锐炭疽菌 系统发育分析 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S665.2[农业科学—果树学]