气象因子对黄淮海区粒收玉米子粒灌浆与脱水特性的影响  

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Grain Filling and Dehydration Characteristics of Maize Suitable for Machine Harvesting in Huang-Huai-Hai

作　　者：闫丽慧 王昌亮 常建智 王芬霞 李彦昌 王海亮 艾振光 YAN Li-hui;WANG Chang-liang;CHANG Jian-zhi;WANG Fen-xia;LI Yan-chang;WANG Hai-liang;AI Zhen-guang(Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hebi 458031,China)

机构地区：[1]鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁458031

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第6期78-84,92,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业建设基金“国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目”(CARS-02-67);河南省科技攻关项目“利用近缘自交系改良玉米单交种制种产量的研究与应用”(222102110300)。

摘　　要：以宜子粒收获玉米品种“浚单1668”为材料,2018~2020年在鹤壁开展子粒灌浆试验,分析子粒灌浆及脱水特性,探讨粒重、子粒灌浆参数和子粒脱水速率与气象因子之间的关系,揭示宜子粒收获玉米产量形成机制。结果表明,不同年份间玉米子粒产量、百粒重和收获时含水率差异显著。玉米产量的差异主要由粒重引起,粒重与灌浆速率显著正相关,与灌浆时间相关性不显著;日照时数和有效积温是影响灌浆速率和粒重的主要气象因子,日照时数和日温差是影响脱水速率的主要气象因子。结果还表明,子粒收获玉米浚单1668吐丝后积温达到769.1~905.0℃·d时,玉米子粒生理成熟,生理成熟时子粒含水量20.67%~25.33%。黄淮海区域玉米生产过程中,通过适时早播,增加吐丝后日照时数和有效积温,玉米获得最大粒重和产量的同时,可有效降低子粒收获时含水量。Xundan1668 of maize suitable for machine harvesting was used as the material in Hebi from 2018 to 2020,the experiment analyzed the grain filling and dehydration characteristics,to explore the relationship between grain weight,grain filling parameters,grain dehydration rate and meteorological factors,and to reveal the formation mechanism of maize yield in suitable grain harvesting.The results showed that the differences in the grain yield,100-grain weight and moisture content were significantly between different years.The difference of yield was main⁃ly caused by grain weight,grain weight was significantly positively correlated with the grain filling rate,but not sig⁃nificantly related to the grain filling period.The number of sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature were the main meteorological factors affecting the grain filling rate and grain weight,while the number of sunshine hours and daily temperature difference were the main meteorological factors affecting the dehydration rate.At the same time,the results also showed that the accumulated temperature of grain harvested maize Xundan1668 reached 769.1-905.0℃·d,corn grain was physiologically mature,and the grain water content was 20.67%-25.33%.All,in the production process of maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,through timely and early sowing,increasing the number of sunshine hours and effective accumulated temperature after silking,maize can not only obtain the maxi⁃mum grain weight and yield,but also effectively reduce the water content during grain harvest.

关 键 词：玉米 机械化粒收 气象因子 子粒灌浆 子粒脱水 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]