苗带重镇压对土壤环境、玉米生长及产量的影响  

Influence of Seedling Belt Heavy Repression Technology on Maize Yield and Comprehensive Index

作　　者：姜业成 孙海全 邓奥严 王硕 高玉山[1] 姜岩 JIANG Ye-cheng;SUN Hai-quan;DENG Ao-yan;WANG Shuo;GAO Yu-shan;JIANG Yan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Changchun Farmers Vocational Education Center,Changchun 130052,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118 [3]长春市农民职业教育中心,长春130052

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第6期118-123,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190301064NY)。

摘　　要：采用自主研制的1ZY-6六行可折叠式苗带重镇压器,单体幅宽20 cm,滚动压力650 g/cm^(2),对秸秆深翻还田平播和秸秆覆盖还田免耕播种两种耕作方式播后苗带进行重镇压处理,分析玉米播种后苗带重镇压对土壤温湿环境、土壤紧实度、出苗率和产量等影响。结果表明,秸秆深翻还田平播后苗带重镇压与未重镇压作业相比较,土壤含水率、土壤紧实度和玉米产量显著提高(P<0.05),土壤含水率增加11.42%,土壤紧实度提高127.90%,玉米产量提高4.31%。秸秆覆盖还田免耕播种后苗带重镇压与未重镇压作业相比较,土壤含水率、土壤紧实度和玉米产量显著提高(P<0.05),土壤含水率增加23.59%,土壤紧实度提高58.88%,玉米产量提高3.39%。苗带重镇压明显提高土壤紧实度、土壤含水率,为玉米生长创造有利的土壤环境,保墒增产作用显著。This study adopted the self-developed 1ZY-6 six-row collapsible seedling belt heavy compactor,with a single width of 20 cm and a 650 g/cm^(2) rolling pressure,using a comparative method to carry out heavy com⁃pactor operations on the seedling belt after sowing in two tillage methods(straw deep-turning and flat sowing,straw mulching and no-till sowing);and selected indicators such as soil temperature,soil moisture content,soil compact⁃ness,maize seedling emergence rate and yield for analysis.The results showed that the soil moisture content,soil firmness and maize yield were significantly(P<0.05)higher when the straw was returned to the field and the seedling strip was heavily suppressed after sowing compared to the unsuppressed operation,with soil moisture content in⁃creasing by 11.42%,soil firmness increasing by 127.90%and maize yield increasing by 4.31%.Soil moisture con⁃tent,soil firmness and maize yield were significantly(P<0.05)increased by 23.59%in soil moisture content,58.88%in soil firmness and 3.39%in maize yield when comparing no-till sowing of seedling strips after straw mulching with non-repressing operations.Heavy suppression of seedling strips significantly improved soil firmness and soil water content,creating a favorable soil environment for maize growth and significantly increasing moisture retention and yield.

关 键 词：玉米 免耕播种 苗带重镇压 土壤紧实度 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]