东北黑土区农业绿色发展现状与优化策略  

Current Status and Optimizing Strategy of Agricultural Green Development for Black Soil Region in Northeast China

作　　者：王寅[1,2,3] 李晓宇 王缘怡 高强[1,2,3] WANG Yin;LI Xiaoyu;WANG Yuanyi;GAO Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation of Ministry of Education,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [3]秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2022年第6期647-656,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金面上项目(20190201117JC);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101)。

摘　　要：东北黑土区是国家重要的商品粮基地和畜牧产区,40年来区域农牧业发展取得了巨大成就,对保障国家粮食安全发挥了重要作用。但是,集约化农牧业生产方式下资源循环和利用效率持续下降、环境代价日趋严重,迫切需要探索和实施农业绿色发展模式。文章以东北三省为对象,通过整合分析作物种植业、畜牧养殖业、食品加工消费、生态环境质量等方面的历史变化与发展现状,评估分析区域农业绿色发展的现状与不足,发现农牧分离持续加剧、黑土质量显著下降、绿色食品产业不强等问题是目前东北黑土区农业绿色发展的重要挑战。近年来,国家与区域一系列发展战略与政策规划为黑土区农业绿色发展提供了机遇,基于食物链养分流动理论与方法,提出区域农业绿色发展的优化策略与实施路径,从“农资产品-土壤管理-作物种植-畜牧养殖-产品加工-食品消费-生态环境”链条出发,以黑土地保护与绿色可持续发展为核心目标,通过各子系统的协调耦合发展和综合管理,促进资源高效循环利用与环境减排,推动区域农牧业发展由“数量型”向“质量型”转变,实现东北黑土区农业绿色转型与乡村振兴发展。The black soil region in northeast China is the most important productive area both for providing commodity grain and animal products.During the last 40 years,the tremendous achievements have been made in agriculture and animal husbandry in this region,which has played a crucial role in ensuring national food security.However,the serious decoupling between cropping and livestock production has occurred with the increasing level of intensive cropping and animal husbandry in the recent years,resulting in continually reduced resource use efficiency and increasingly serious environmental impacts.It is urgent to explore and implement a new way for agricultural green development(AGD).In this study,based on the data and investigation in Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces,we evaluated the historical changing trends for crop production,livestock husbandry,food processing and consumption,ecological and environmental quality in black soil region,and further determined the current status and problems in regional AGD.Now,the AGD in black soil region is facing three major challenges,including increasing decoupling between cropping and livestock production,dramatically degraded quality in black soil and insufficiently developed green food industry.In recent years,a series of development strategies and policies made by national and regional governments have provided opportunities for AGD in black soil region.Based on the theory and method of nutrient flow in the food chain,we proposed the optimization strategy and implementation path of regional agricultural green development,starting from the chain of“agricultural production materialssoil management-crop planting-livestock husbandry-agricultural products processing-food consumption-ecological environment”,with black land protection and green sustainable development as the core goal,through the coordinated coupling development and comprehensive management of various subsystems,to promote the efficient recycling of resources and environmental emission reduction and the

关 键 词：黑土区 农业绿色发展 农牧结合 资源高效利用 生态环境 

分 类 号：S155.27[农业科学—土壤学]