轮耕对吉林省西部春玉米田土壤团聚体和产量的影响  

Effects of Rotation Tillage on Soil Aggregates and Yield of Spring Maize Field in Western Jilin Province

作　　者：王周 李强[2] 焦云飞 高洪军[2] 张秀芝[2] 朱平[2] 彭畅[2] WANG Zhou;LI Qiang;JIAO Yunfei;GAO Hongjun;ZHANG Xiuzhi;ZHU Ping;PENG Chang(College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2022年第6期742-750,共9页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省重大科技专项(20200503004SF);2020年吉林省农业科技创新工程研究生基金项目(c02100227)。

摘　　要：为了揭示秸秆全量还田条件下不同轮耕模式对吉林省西部旱作玉米田土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量的影响,于2017至2019年开展旋耕/旋耕/旋耕(T1)、翻耕/旋耕/旋耕(T2)、翻耕/免耕/免耕(T3)和翻耕/旋耕/免耕(T4)轮耕试验。测定和分析了4个处理土壤团聚体含量、稳定性、有机质含量和玉米产量。结果表明:干筛下,土壤力稳性团聚体含量(R_(>0.25))、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)和有机质含量无显著差异。湿筛下,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,T4的水稳性团聚体含量比T1显著提高了11.9%、9.4%。0~20 cm土层,T4的MWD比T1、T2显著提高了15.9%、11.4%;20~40 cm土层,T4的MWD比T2显著提高了11.1%。0~20 cm土层,T4的GMD比T2显著提高了5.6%,T4的D比T1显著降低了4.0%;20~40 cm土层,T3和T4的D比T1显著降低了2.4%和3.2%;0~40 cm土层,T4的不稳定团粒指数(E_(lt))比T2显著降低了14.0%。与T2相比,T3、T4在20~40 cm土层的团聚体破坏率(PAD)显著降低了23.1%、23.8%。0~20 cm土层中水稳性团聚体有机质含量随粒径减小而降低。T3、T4能增强0~40 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性,然而T2、T3、T43年产量的平均值却比T1降低了12.7%、7.8%、8.1%。综合考虑土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量及其稳产水平,T3为最佳轮耕模式。In order to reveal the effects of different rotation tillage modes on stability of soil aggregates and maize yield under the condition of total straw returning to dry maize fields in western Jilin province,rotary tillage/rotary tillage/rotary tillage(T1),ploughing/rotary tillage/rotary tillage(T2),ploughing/no-tillage/no-tillage(T3)and ploughing/rotary tillage/no-tillage(T4)were carried out from 2017 to 2019.Soil aggregate content,stability,organic matter content and maize yield of four treatments were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:under dry sieving method,content of soil force-stable aggregates(R_(>0.25)),mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD),fractal dimension(D)and organic matter content had no significant differences.Water-stable aggregate content of T4 in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers under wet sieving method was significantly increased by 11.9% and 9.4% compared with T1.In 0-20 cm soil layer,MWD of T4 was significantly increased by 15.9% and 11.4% compared with T1 and T2.In 20-40 cm soil layer,MWD of T4 was significantly increased by 11.1% compared with that of T2.In 0-20 cm soil layer,GMD of T4 was significantly increased by 5.6% compared with that of T2.In 0-20 cm soil layer,D in T4 decreased by 4.0% compared with that in T1.In 20-40 cm soil layer,D in T3 and T4 decreased by 2.4% and 3.2% compared with that in T1.In 0-40 cm soil layer,Eltin T4 was significantly decreased by 14.0% compared with that in T2.Compared with T2,percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD)of T3 and T4 in 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly reduced by 23.1% and 23.8%.Waterstable aggregate organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil layer decreased with the decrease of aggregate diameter.T3 and T4 could enhance the stability of soil aggregates in 0-40 cm soil layer,while the average yield of T2,T3 and T4 was 12.7%,7.8% and 8.1% lower than that of T1.Considering the stability of soil aggregates,maize yield and its stable yield level,T3 is the best rotation tillage mode.

关 键 词：秸秆全量还田 轮耕 春玉米 土壤团聚体 产量 吉林省西部 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]