地热产业在农村地区清洁取暖中应用前景分析  

Application Prospects of Geothermal Industry in Clean Heating in Rural Areas

作　　者：谷雪曦[1,2] Gu Xuexi(SINOPEC Star Petroleum Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083;China National Center for Geothermal Energy Development Research and Applied Technology Promotion,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国石化集团新星石油有限责任公司,北京100083 [2]国家地热能源开发利用研究及应用技术推广中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第12期22-30,共9页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国工程院重点咨询项目“中国地热产业规划与布局战略研究(二期)”(编号:2019-XZ-35)。

摘　　要：农村地区清洁取暖是北方地区冬季清洁取暖工作的重点和难点。自2017年以来,各地大多采用煤改电、煤改气作为主要推进方式,但存在运行费用高、气源紧张、经济补贴难以持续等问题。为了在广大农村地区进一步推广可长期持续的清洁取暖,将农村地区住宅分为分散农宅和集中居住新农村,对地热、燃气、生物质、电供暖开展技术性和经济性对比研究。研究结果表明:户式地源热泵是适宜分散农宅使用的清洁取暖方式,采暖效率高、能耗低,供暖运行费用低。中深层地热是适宜在集中居住新农村推广的清洁取暖方式,零碳排放、运营成本低,且中深层地热资源丰富,可支撑农村地区清洁取暖。建议在政府补贴高、居民可支配收入高的节能分散农宅建设户式地源热泵示范区;在中深层地热资源丰富、暖费价格高的集中居住新农村建设中深层地热供暖示范区。建议政府加大地热供暖初投资补贴力度,积极在北方农村地区推广地热这种清洁环保,“补初装、不补运行”的清洁取暖方式。Clean heating in rural areas is the focus and difficulty of clean heating in winter in northern China.Since 2017,most localities have mainly adopted coal to electricity and coal to gas,but there are problems such as high operating cost,tight gas supply and unsustainable economic subsidies.In order to further promote the long-term sustainable clean heating in the vast rural areas,the rural housing is divided into scattered rural housing and centralized new rural housing,and a comparative study is carried out on the technology and economy of geothermal,gas,biomass and electric heating.The results show that household ground source heat pump is a clean heating method suitable for scattered rural housing due to its high heat-ing efficiency,low energy consumption and low heating operation cost,while medium-deep geothermal is a clean heating method suitable for promotion in centralized new rural housing due to its zero carbon emission and low operating cost,and the rich geothermal resources in medium-deep geothermal can support the clean heating in rural areas.It is recommended to build the demonstration areas of household ground source heat pump in energy-saving scattered rural housing with high government subsidies and high disposable income and the demonstration areas of medium-deep geothermal heating in centralized new rural housing with rich medium-deep geothermal resources and high heating cost.It is suggested that the government should increase the initial investment subsidies for geothermal heating,and actively promote geothermal,which is a clean and environmentally friendly heating method with subsidies for initial installation instead of operation,in northern rural areas.

关 键 词：农村地区 清洁取暖 分散农宅 集中居住新农村 户式地源热泵 中深层地热 

分 类 号：F323.214[经济管理—产业经济] TU832[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]