舆论场观点极化现象研究:成因、识别与应对策略  

The Phenomenon of the Public Opinion Polarization:Causes,Identification and Counter Measures

作　　者：白云[1] 李白杨[2,3] 毛进[1] 李纲[4] BAI Yun;LI Baiyang;MAO Jin;LI Gang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学信息管理学院,武汉430072 [2]南京大学数据智能与交叉创新实验室,南京210033 [3]南京大学数字经济与管理学院,苏州215011 [4]武汉大学信息资源研究中心,武汉430072

出　　处：《图书情报知识》2022年第6期89-100,共12页Documentation,Information & Knowledge

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“面向海外公共安全的事件画像与多源数据融合方法”(72004171);国家自然科学基金面上项目“危机情境下网络信息传播失序识别与干预方法研究”(72174153)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]舆论场的观点极化早已成为不断蔓延且加深的社会顽疾,加剧了群体对立与社会分裂的进程。因此,亟需从跨学科视角对极化现象开展研究。[研究设计/方法]本文对国内外观点极化研究领域文献进行细致梳理,从基础理论入手,利用指标和模型探究极化形成机制与发展脉络。[结论/发现]极化是个体、群体、系统性偏见叠加作用的结果,可以从内容特征和结构特征两个层面进行度量,基于偏见同化、结构平衡或特征扩散理论构建模型探究其内部机制;另外,极化现象的治理工作应从宏观制度规划角度出发,落实到具体的中观数字空间构建和微观干预手段实施。[创新/价值]构建了一个融合多领域视角与跨学科概念的“理论-指标-模型”研究体系,为开展舆论场极化研究提供明晰的理论参考。[Purpose/Significance]The polarization of the public opinion has long been a persistent and deepening social problem,which has intensified the process of group confrontation and social division.Therefore,there is an urgent need to study polarization phenomenon from an interdisciplinary perspective.[Design/Methodology]The study conducted a literature survey on previous public opinion polarization,and starting with the basic theory,uses indicators and models to explore the formation mechanism and development of polarization.[Findings/Conclusion]Polarization is the result of the superposition of individual,group,and systematic biases,which can be measured from the level of content characteristics and structural characteristics,its internal mechanism can be explored based on the model built by the theory of prejudice assimilation,structural balance or characteristic diffusion;in addition,the governance of polarization phenomenon should be started from the perspective of macro-system planning and implement specific meso-level digital space construction and micro-level intervention methods.[Originality/Value]A"Theory-Indicators-Model"research system integrating multi-field perspectives and interdisciplinary concepts has been constructed to provide a clear theoretical reference for the other studies in public opinion polarization.

关 键 词：舆论场 观点极化 舆论动力学 偏见 社交媒体 

分 类 号：G250[文化科学—图书馆学]