中国农业规模化转型的动力机制及内在困境——基于农民家庭发展的视角  

The Driving Mechanism and Internal Difficulties of Transformation to Large-scale Operation in Chinese Agriculture: From the Perspective of Peasant Family Development

作　　者：张建雷 Zhang Jianlei(Department of Sociology,,Shaanxi Normal University)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学社会学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2023年第1期189-204,M0007,M0008,共18页Open Times

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“乡村振兴战略背景下小农户与新型农业经营主体的合约关系及风险防控研究”(项目编号:19YJC840061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于农民家庭发展的视角,分析了当前中国农业规模化转型的动力机制及内在困境。中国农业的规模化转型并未呈现高度资本化的农业形态,而主要是农民家庭经营扩大化的结果。在市场机制下,农民家庭的农业规模经营旨在实现家庭劳动收入的最大化,所获得的农业规模报酬水平与外出务工的工资水平相匹配,从而得以突破传统小农家庭农业的发展困境。但是,日益增长的务工工资水平也不断刺激了农民家庭的规模扩张行为。随着经营规模的进一步扩大,家庭劳动更多地被机械投入和雇佣劳动所替代,农业规模收益更多为机械投入和雇佣劳动所消耗,家庭劳动的收益空间逐渐收缩,农业规模经营呈现显著的规模报酬递减趋势。农业规模经营收入越来越难以匹配持续上涨的外出务工收入,意味着农民家庭通过规模经营实现家庭发展的努力陷入巨大的困境之中。中国的农业规模化转型面临难以克服的市场化困境。From the perspective of peasant family development, this paper analyzes the dynamic mechanism and internal difficulties of the scale-up transformation of Chinese agriculture. Such transformation has not gone in the direction of high capitalization, rather it is mainly the result of the expansion of peasant family’s operations.Under the market mechanism, the large-scale operation of peasant family aims to maximize their own income,and the remuneration obtained should match the wage level of migrant workers. However, the increasing wage level of migrant workers has kept pushing the scale expansion of the peasant households. As it happens, family labor is increasingly replaced by mechanical input and wage labor, which is in turn eating away the family’s income. The income margin of family labor is gradually shrinking, and large-scale operation shows a significant trend of diminishing scale return, which is no longer able to match the rising income of migrant workers. All this indicates that the efforts of peasant family to achieve family development through scale management are in a great dilemma. China’s scale-up transformation in agriculture is facing insurmountable difficulties imposed by marketization.

关 键 词：规模经营 工农收入匹配 家庭经营 家庭发展 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]