经济制度变迁与政治撕裂形成——对战后以来两种资本主义论争的评述  

Economic Institutional Change and the Formation of Political Schism: A Comment on the Two Debates on Capitalism Since the Second World War

作　　者：程亚文 Cheng Yawen(School of International Relationsand Public Affairs,Shanghai International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2023年第1期205-223,M0008,共20页Open Times

摘　　要：二战结束到20世纪70年代,美国、德国和日本虽然在资本主义的具体制度模式上存在着差别,但都具有利益相关者资本主义的一些共同特征。80年代以来的全球化进程中,随着经济思潮的改变,股东资本主义相对利益相关者资本主义逐渐占有优势,这在美国表现得更加明显,德国、日本等国的经济模式在全球化内化的压力下也向美国趋同,但仍在相当程度上保持了各自以往的特点。最近几十年来美国社会的贫富差别显著扩大,利益疏离现象凸显,政治撕裂程度加剧,相比之下,德国、日本仍努力维护了内部不同群体间的利益相关性,较好地保障了经济平等、社会和谐与政治秩序。以往的资本主义模式比较注重的是哪一种更有经济效率,但从长远的历史比较来看,更值得关注的是谁更有利于维护经济平等,塑造社会连带感和促进政治认同。From the end of World War II to the 1970s, although the United States, Germany and Japan differed in their specific institutional models, they all shared some essential features of stakeholder capitalism. In the process of globalization since the 1980s, with the change of economic thoughts, shareholder capitalism has gradually gained an advantage over stakeholder capitalism, which is more obvious in the United States. Under the pressure of globalization internalization, the economic models of Germany, Japan and other countries have converged on that of the United States while still maintaining their previous characteristics to a considerable extent.In recent decades, the gap between rich and poor in the American society has significantly expanded, the phenomenon of interest alienation has become prominent, and the degree of political fragmentation has intensified.In contrast, Germany and Japan have striven to maintain the interest correlation between different groups in their countries, and have better protected economic equality, social harmony and political order. In the comparison of capitalist models, we have so far paid attention to which one was more efficient. This author argues that,from a long-term historical perspective, we should be more focused on which one has been more conducive to maintaining economic equality, shaping a sense of social solidarity, and promoting political identity.

关 键 词：利益相关者 股东至上 经济效率 社会连带感 政治秩序 

分 类 号：D033.3[政治法律—政治学] F03[经济管理—政治经济学]