论环境质量标准与环境污染侵权责任的认定  

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS AND THE FINDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL TORT LIABILITIES

作　　者：尤明青 You Mingqing(Law School Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;Academy of Climate Law and Economics of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]Law School Zhongnan University of Economics and Law [2]Academy of Climate Law and Economics of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

出　　处：《China Legal Science》2023年第1期27-58,共32页中国法学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(Grant Number 2722022EY018)。

摘　　要：环境质量标准兼具技术属性和法律属性,既非规章也非规范性文件,其约束力来自于援引环境质量标准的法律规范,其核心功能在于为环境质量状况提供比对依据,并与援引环境质量标准的法律规范、行政规划共同发挥设定目标、考核激励、督政问责的作用。环境质量标准具有以分类管理为理念、以整体主义为价值观和方法论、以阶段性控制目标为依据、以政策选择为结果的特征。从规范的角度分析,环境质量标准不可用于认定环境污染侵权责任。但从事实的角度分析,环境质量标准对于认定环境污染侵权责任能够发挥有限的证明作用:可为证明环境影响的消极性提供科学支撑,有助于认定加害行为要件;可在有限的范围内缓解损害要件的举证难度;可用于证明加害行为与损害之间的关联性。Environmental quality standards have technical and legal attributes.They are not departmental rules or normative instruments.Their normative force is from legal rules citing them.Being a yardstick for measuring environmental quality,they have functions of goal setting,performance appraisals,supervision,and accountability and play such roles in collaboration with legal norms and administrative plans that cite them.They take differentiated management as the guiding principle,take holism as the values and methodology,take a step-by-step approach to set goals,and take the policy choice as the result.They are not applicable to the finding of environmental torts from the normative perspective.From the factual perspective,they have limited use in proving environmental torts as they provide scientific support for proving harm and the causal link between tortious acts and harm.

关 键 词：非规范性文件 环境质量标准 技术属性 阶段性控制 环境质量状况 考核激励 法律属性 消极性 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]