多样性和凝聚性:国内高校自主设置交叉学科的结构特征  

Diversity and Cohesion:Structural Characteristics of the Independent Establishment of the Interdisciplinary Subjects in Universities in China

作　　者：王传毅[1,2] 李祎 WANG Chuan-yi;LI Yi

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学研究生教育研究中心,北京100084 [3]烟台大学发展规划与学科建设处,烟台264005

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2023年第1期35-47,共13页University Education Science

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2022年度重大委托项目“高校学科交叉融合机制研究”(2022Z02);山东省教育科学规划项目“高校跨学科研究组织知识生产机制研究”(2020YB009)。

摘　　要：为深入挖掘国内高校自主设置交叉学科的结构特征,基于教育部公布的交叉学科相关数据,测算交叉学科的多样性和凝聚性。研究显示:我国高校绝大部分学科产生交叉现象,社会科学等领域的交叉学科跨度较大,计算机科学和管理科学等学科作为支撑学科在交叉学科设置中作用突出。交叉学科集中于智能工程、生命医学、材料信息、政治经济和历史文化五大领域,未来可能在科技人文和社会治理领域涌现新兴交叉学科。高校应重视交叉学科多样性结构和凝聚性特征,完善交叉学科战略规划,加强顶层设计,有组织地分类推进交叉学科建设。In order to deeply explore the structural characteristics of independent establishment of interdisciplinary subjects in Chinese universities,this study measures the diversity and cohesion of interdisciplinary subjects based on the relevant data of interdisciplinary subjects published by the Ministry of Education.The research shows that most of the disciplines in universities have interdisciplinary phenomena,the interdisciplinary span in social sciences and other fields is relatively large,and the computer science and management science disciplines play a prominent role as supporting disciplines in the interdisciplinary settings.Interdisciplinary disciplines focus on the five major fields of intelligent engineering,life medicine,material information,political economy,and history and culture.In the future interdisciplinary disciplines may emerge in the fields of science,technology,humanities and social governance in the future.Universities should attach importance to the diversity structure and cohesive characteristics of interdisciplinarity,improve interdisciplinary strategic planning,strengthen top-level design,and promote interdisciplinary construction in an organized and categorical manner.

关 键 词：交叉学科 交叉学科结构 多样性 凝聚性 社会网络分析 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]