单侧听觉剥夺后听觉中枢的重塑研究进展  

Research Progress on Auditory Pathway Plasticity after Unilateral Auditory Deprivation

作　　者：葛鑫颖 周沫[1] 刘锦峰[1] 戴金升 原晶晶 刘梦婷 张娟[1] 王宁宇[1] GE Xinying;ZHOU Mo;LIU Jinfeng;DAI Jinsheng;YUAN Jingjing;LIU Mengting;ZHANG Juan;WANG Ningyu(Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,100700)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京100020 [2]北京中医药大学东直门医院耳鼻咽喉科,北京100700

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2023年第1期105-109,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81770993);首发专项重点项目(2020-1-2032);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2005200)。

摘　　要：单侧听觉剥夺后,听力正常耳主导听力,随着时间的延长,这种双耳信息输入的不对称,造成听觉中枢发育不对称(偏侧性改变),涉及听觉皮层及脑干听觉核团的不同区域,引起对应听觉通路发生一系列改变,包括结构、神经递质及受体等的改变,进而改变了两侧通路兴奋与抑制的平衡,损害了两耳信号的整合处理,导致声源定位能力及言语识别率降低,甚至影响患者的认知功能。这种偏侧化的改变可能会影响后续的听觉康复,因此,明确单侧听觉剥夺之后听觉中枢重塑的机制至关重要。本文就单侧听觉剥夺后听觉中枢的重塑研究进展做一回顾。After unilateral auditory deprivation, the hearing ear becomes functionally dominant. Over time, the asymmetry of information input in both ears results in asymmetric development of the auditory pathway(lateralization changes), involving the auditory cortex and different auditory nuclei. This will cause a series of changes in the corresponding auditory nuclei, including changes in structure, neurotransmitters, receptors, etc., which in turn changes the balance of excitation and inhibition of pathways bilaterally. Furthermore, it impairs the integrated processing of sound information from the ears. Ultimately, the ability of sound localization and speech recognition are reduced. Even cognitive function may be affected in these patients. This lateralization changes may be considered to an influencing factor in auditory restoration. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of auditory pathway remodeling after unilateral auditory deprivation. This article reviews the research progress on auditory center remodeling after unilateral auditory deprivation.

关 键 词：单侧听觉剥夺 单侧聋 听觉中枢 可塑性 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]