考虑节能条件下的自由曲面加工刀具路径优化研究  

Consider Path Optimization of Free Surface Machining Tool under Energy Saving Conditions

作　　者：韩军[1] 熊凤生 徐睿 Han Jun;Xiong Fengsheng;Xu Rui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia O14010,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院,内蒙古自治区包头市014010 [2]青岛港(集团)有限公司

出　　处：《工具技术》2023年第1期123-129,共7页Tool Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2019LH05010)。

摘　　要：在数控加工过程中不同的刀具路径所产生的能耗和加工效率不同,为了降低自由曲面在数控加工过程中的能耗,提高加工效率,从节能和高效率两个方面对刀具路径进行优化。建立以节能和高加工效率为优化目标,以主轴转速、每齿进给量、径向切削深度、轴向切削深度和机床设备性能为约束条件的刀具路径数学模型。分析待加工自由曲面的面曲率和残余高度,对加工步长和行距进行合理计算,以此为依据将待加工曲面离散成点云即为刀触点。为避免遗传算法过早陷入局部最优解,引入模拟退火算法对遗传算法进行改进,使用改进后的混合算法对自由曲面刀具路径进行优化。通过仿真加工和实验加工对比了优化路径与传统路径,结果证明了优化方法的有效性。The energy consumption and machining efficiency produced by different tool paths in CNC machining are different.In order to reduce the energy consumption of free surface surface in CNC machining and improve its machining efficiency,this study optimizes the tool path from two aspects of energy saving and high efficiency.Establish a tool path optimization model with energy saving and high processing efficiency as the optimization target and constrained by spindle speed,feed per tooth,axial depth,radial depth and machine tool equipment performance.Analyze the surface curvature and residual height of the free surface to process,and reasonably calculate the processing step length and row distance,so as to use the discrete of the surface into a point cloud as the knife touch point.To avoid premature descent into the local optimal solution,a simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to improve the genetic algorithm and optimize the free surface tool path using an improved hybrid algorithm.The optimization path is compared with traditional paths through simulation and experimental processing and shows that the optimization method is effective.

关 键 词：自由曲面 数控加工 加工能耗 加工效率 混合算法 路径优化 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]