融雪剂对生物滞留池土层盐分的影响  

Effect of Snowmelt Agent on Soil Salinity in Bioretention Pond

作　　者：王秀蘅[1,2] 曲睿卓 王奇凯 何宗保 魏亮亮 WANG Xiu-heng;QU Rui-zhuo;WANG Qi-kai;HE Zong-bao;WEI Liang-liang(State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin 150090,China;School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;China Metallurgical Coking Engineering Technology Co.Ltd.,Dalian 116085,China)

机构地区：[1]城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [2]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [3]中冶焦耐工程技术有限公司,辽宁大连116085

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2023年第1期118-125,共8页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：针对北方冬季融雪剂对城市海绵设施的影响问题,以大连市为代表城市,基于气象数据和统计的融雪剂施用量,通过柱实验和HYDRUS-1D软件构建了生物滞留池水盐运移模型,分析了冬季施用融雪剂后生物滞留池的盐化程度以及春季降雨的淋溶效果。2015年冬季模拟结果表明,冬季多次施用融雪剂会导致生物滞留池的电导率(EC)逐渐升高,土壤盐分逐渐累积。春季降雨淋溶前,粉壤土、壤土和砂壤土种植土表层的EC值分别高达52.30、55.35和44.87 dS/m。2016年春季时,在降雨量较大、雨水充足的情况下能够充分淋溶土壤中的盐分,使土壤的EC值低于土壤盐害的阈值。综合模拟期的结果可知,种植土层的EC值高于换土层,不利于植物生存。与粉壤土和壤土滞留池相比,砂壤土滞留池的土壤孔隙较大,盐分不易积累,土壤盐化程度较低;而在降雨量较小时,砂壤土滞留池有利于减少盐分滞留量以及加快盐分的排放,可优先考虑砂壤土作为抗盐化种植土类型。此外,模拟冬季超量使用融雪剂的结果显示,增加融雪剂施用量会造成更严重的土壤盐化,而选择砂壤土滞留池有利于春季降雨淋溶。To investigate the influence of winter snowmelt agent on urban sponge facilities in northern China, the water and salt migration model of bioretention ponds in a representative city Dalian was constructed by column experiment and HYDRUS-1D software based on meteorological data and statistical snowmelt agent dosage, and the salinization degree of bioretention ponds after the dispersal of snowmelt agent in winter and the leaching of soil salt after spring rainfall were analyzed. Winter simulation results in 2015 showed that multiple uses of snowmelt agent in winter resulted in a gradual increase in the electrical conductivity(EC) of the soil from bioretention ponds and a gradual accumulation of salinity in the soil. Before spring leaching, the EC values of the planting soil surface such as silt loam,loam and sandy loam were as high as 52.30 dS/m, 55.35 dS/m and 44.87 dS/m, respectively. In the spring of 2016, the salt in the soil was fully leached when there were heavy rainfall and sufficient rainwater, so the EC value of the soil was lower than the threshold of soil salt damage. The simulation results showed that the EC value of planting soil layer was higher than that of the replaced soil layer, which was not conducive to plant survival. Compared with the silt loam and loam bioretention ponds, the sandy loam bioretention pond had a larger soil pore, less salt accumulation and lower soil salinization degree. When the rainfall was small, the sandy loam bioretention pond was beneficial to reduce the retention of salt and accelerate the discharge of salt, so it could be preferred as a salinization resistant planting soil. In addition, the simulation results of excessive use of snowmelt agent in winter showed that increasing the dosage of snowmelt agent would cause more serious soil salinization, and the application of sandy loam bioretention pond was conducive to spring rainfall leaching.

关 键 词：海绵设施 生物滞留池 融雪剂 土壤盐化 淋溶 HYDRUS-1D 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]