不同授粉组合对‘威海金’苹果果实品质的影响及综合评价  

Effects of Different Pollination Combinations on Fruit Quality of ‘Weihai Jin’ Apple and Their Comprehensive Evaluation

作　　者：宿夏菲 崔雪丽 毛云飞[1] 尹伊君 秦鑫 刘杨博 隋静 吕毅 杨鹤 沈向[1] Su Xiafei;Cui Xueli;Mao Yunfei;Yin Yijun;Qin Xin;Liu Yangbo;Sui Jing;LüYi;Yang He;Shen Xiang(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China;Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]威海市农业科学院,山东威海264200

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第1期55-62,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“MdFLP及其上游调控蛋白响应重力信号调控苹果自根砧不定根GSA形成研究”(32072520);山东省农业良种工程项目“优质高档苹果突破性新品种选育”(2019LZGC007);山东省自然科学基金项目“土壤镰孢菌胁迫下苹果耐重茬砧木优系响应离子通道基因调控的作用机理”(ZR2020MC132);山东省水果创新团队项目“山东省果品产业体系专项资金项目”(SDAIT-06-07)。

摘　　要：本试验以‘国光’苹果授粉为对照,设置‘盈香’‘盈雪’和‘红玉’3个海棠品种授粉‘威海金’苹果,研究4个授粉组合苹果果实是否产生花粉直感现象,以及苹果果实内在外在品质、香气成分及其含量,并采用遗传多样性分析、相关性分析和主成分分析方法对4个授粉组合果实品质指标进行综合评价,为‘威海金’筛选高效授粉树提供参考。结果表明,4个授粉组合‘威海金’苹果果实内在外在品质、香气成分及其含量存在着显著差异。12个果实品质指标中,可滴定酸、糖酸比、固酸比、VC和类黄酮的变异系数较大,为13.64%~20.40%,其余7个指标的变异系数较小。部分果实品质指标间存在着显著或极显著相关性。主成分分析中,所提取前两个主成分的累计方差贡献率达92.85%,能综合反映授粉果实品质的大部分信息。综合得分结果显示,3个试验设置授粉组合苹果果实的综合品质均优于对照‘威海金-国光’,‘威海金-盈香’品质最佳。综之,不同授粉组合‘威海金’苹果果实内在外在品质、香气成分及其含量存在差异,花粉直感现象明显,‘盈香’为‘威海金’的首选授粉树。In this experiment, with ‘Guoguang’ apple pollination as the control, three crabapple varieties ‘Ying Xiang’‘Ying Xue’ and ‘Hongyu’ pollinating ‘Weihai Jin’ apple were set to study whether the four pollination combinations of apple fruits produce direct pollen xenia, as well as the internal and external quality, aroma components and their contents of apple fruits. In addition, genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate fruit quality indexes of the four pollination combinations, in order to provide references for selecting highly efficient pollinating trees for ‘Weihai Jin’. The results showed that there were significant differences in the internal and external qualities, aroma components and their contents of ‘Weihai Jin’ apple fruits among the four pollination combinations. Among the 12 fruit quality indexes, the variation coefficients of titratable acid content, ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid, ratio of soluble solid to titratable acid, contents of vitamin C and flavonoids were higher, ranging from 13.64% to 20.40%, while those of the other 7 indexes were lower. There was significant or extremely significant correlation among some fruit quality indexes. In principal component analysis, the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first two principal components reached to 92.85%, which could comprehensively reflect most of the information of pollinated fruit quality. The comprehensive score results showed that the comprehensive quality of the apple fruits of the three tested pollination combinations was better than that of the control combination‘Weihai Jin-Guoguang’, and ‘Weihai Jin-Yingxiang’ had the best quality. To sum up, there were differences in the internal and external quality, aroma components and their contents of ‘Weihai Jin’ apple fruits of different pollination combinations, so the phenomenon of pollen xenia was obvious. ‘Yingxiang’ was the preferred pollination tre

关 键 词：‘威海金’苹果 海棠授粉 花粉直感 果实品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]