有机肥替代对鲁西北轻度盐碱地土壤性状和小麦、玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Organic Manure Substitution on Soil Properties and Yield of Wheat and Maize in Lightly Salinized Land in Northwest Shandong Province

作　　者：王逸筠 赵文栋 孙泽强[1] 刘盛林[1] 郑东峰[1] 董晓霞[1] 赵海军[3] 李进胜 刘兆辉[3] Wang Yijun;Zhao Wendong;Sun Zeqiang;Liu Shenglin;Zheng Dongfeng;Dong Xiaoxia;Zhao Haijun;Li Jinsheng;Liu Zhaohui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Shandong Province,Ministry of Agriculture,Jinan 250100,China;Laiwu No.1 Middle School,Jinan 251499,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部山东耕地保育科学观测实验站,山东济南250100 [2]莱芜第一中学,山东济南251499 [3]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第1期93-99,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900900);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(202201SDZD01)。

摘　　要：本研究采用田间小区试验法,以习惯施肥为对照(CK),设置低(LOF)、中(MOF)、高(HOF)3个有机肥用量与80%习惯施肥配比处理,研究有机肥替代对轻度盐碱地土壤团聚体、盐分含量、微生物等性状和冬小麦-夏玉米养分吸收及产量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,不同用量有机肥替代处理均增加>1 mm土壤大团聚体的比例,土壤团聚体分布有由微团聚体向中间团聚体过渡的趋势,R0.25、MWD和GMD均有所增加,其中以MOF处理增加较为显著,R0.25、MWD和GMD值较CK分别增加20.66%、45.64%、104.76%。LOF、MOF和HOF处理均明显降低0~40 cm土层的盐分含量,分别比CK下降12.86%、26.05%和35.05%。MOF和HOF处理下细菌和真菌数量均显著增加,其中HOF处理增加最多,细菌和真菌数量分别较CK增加7.1%和1.60倍,放线菌数量变化不明显。MOF和HOF处理可明显提高小麦、玉米对氮、磷、钾的吸收,与CK相比,HOF处理小麦吸收磷、钾分别增加23.2%、13.4%,夏玉米分别增加16.1%、30.8%。中高量有机肥替代部分化肥能较大幅度提高冬小麦和夏玉米产量,增产8.87%~39.70%.其中,HOF处理增产效果最显著,即在减施20%化肥条件下轻度盐碱地适宜有机肥用量为9 000 kg/hm2。In this study, we adopted field plot experiment and designed 4 treatments as CK(the local traditional chemical fertilizer), and low(LOF), medium(MOF) and high(HOF) application of organic manure combined with 80% customary fertilization rate. The effects of organic fertilizer replacement on soil aggregates and salt contents, microorganisms and nutrient uptake and yield of winter wheat-summer maize in lightly saline soil were studied. The results showed that, compared with CK, the proportion of >1 mm large aggregates increased under different organic fertilizer replacement treatments, and the distribution of soil aggregates showed a trend transiting from micro aggregates to intermediate aggregates. R0.25, MWD and GMD all increased, and MOF treatment increased significantly. R0.25, MWD and GMD values increased by 20.66%, 45.64% and 104.76% compared with CK, respectively. LOF, MOF and HOF treatments significantly reduced the salt content in 0~40-cm soil layer by 12.86%, 26.05% and 35.05% respectively compared with CK. The number of bacteria and fungi increased significantly under MOF and HOF treatments, and those of HOF treatment increased the most by 7.1% and 1.60 times compared with CK respectively;the number of actinomyces did not change significantly. MOF and HOF treatments could significantly improve the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat and corn, among which, HOF treatment increased the absorption of phosphorus and potassium in wheat by 23.2% and 13.4%, while by 16.1% and 30.8% in summer corn respectively compared with CK. The yield of winter wheat and summer corn was increased by 8.87%~39.70% under MOF and HOF treatments. HOF treatment had the most significant yield increase effect, that was, under the condition of 20% reduction of fertilizer application, the appropriate amount of organic fertilizer was 9 000 kg/hm~2 in mild saline soil.

关 键 词：轻度盐碱地 有机肥替代 土壤团聚体 土壤微生物 产量 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]