莫高窟壁画彩塑表面降尘调查研究  

Investigation of dustfall on the surfaces of wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes

作　　者：善忠伟 崔强[1,2,3] 殷耀鹏 张文元[1,2,3] 水碧纹[1,2,3] 殷志媛[1,2,3] 于宗仁[1,2,3] SHAN Zhongwei;CUI Qiang;YIN Yaopeng;ZHANG Wenyuan;SHUI Biwen;YIN Zhiyuan;YU Zongren(Conservation Institute of Dunhuang Academy,Jiuquan 736200,China;National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites(Dunhuang Academy),Jiuquan 736200,China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage(Dunhuang Academy),Jiuquan 736200,China;Gansu Mogao Grottoes Cultural Heritage Protection Design Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Jiuquan 736200,China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院保护研究所,甘肃酒泉736200 [2]国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心(敦煌研究院),甘肃酒泉736200 [3]甘肃省敦煌文物保护研究中心(敦煌研究院),甘肃酒泉736200 [4]甘肃莫高窟文化遗产保护设计咨询有限公司,甘肃酒泉736200

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第1期127-137,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1520103)资助;国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20282)资助;敦煌研究院科研课题(2020-KJ-YB-5)资助。

摘　　要：通过对莫高窟壁画彩塑表面降尘进行收集,分析降尘粒径分布、化学组成、显微形貌、可溶盐含量等理化性质,进而研究降尘对莫高窟壁画彩塑的影响。研究结果发现:莫高窟壁画彩塑表面的降尘大部分为地壳源矿物,对窟内壁画、彩塑带来的潜在危害是物理遮盖和磨蚀等作用,在更长的时间尺度上,降尘会对壁画彩塑具有潜在的盐蚀等化学威胁。莫高窟壁画彩塑表面降尘是导致壁画彩塑产生病害的一个不可忽视的重要因素。研究的结果为莫高窟壁画彩塑预防性保护提供基础数据。Samples of dustfall collected from the surfaces of wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes,were analyzed as to physical and chemical properties,such as particle size distribution,chemical composition,microscopic morphology and soluble salt content.In addition,the influences of dustfall on wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes were further studied.The results of the study show that 1)most of the dustfall deposited on the surfaces of wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes is the crustal source mineral;2)the potential harms to wall paintings and painted sculptures in the grottoes are physical covering and abrasion and 3)over long periods of time,dustfall will bring potential chemical threats,such as salt erosion,to wall paintings and painted sculptures.Dustfall on the surfaces of wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes is an important factor that cannot be ignored as a cause of disease of wall paintings and painted sculptures.The results of the study provide basic data for the preventive conservation of wall paintings and painted sculptures in Mogao Grottoes.

关 键 词：莫高窟 壁画彩塑 降尘 理化性质 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]