工业化与战后台湾地区农地制度的演进  

Industrialization and the Evolution of the Agricultural Land System in Post-war Taiwan

作　　者：龚关[1] Gong Guan

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2023年第1期50-66,共17页Taiwan History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“台湾地区经济工业化、自由化进程中农业经济制度的因应研究”(编号18BZS147)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自二战后至今,台湾地区农地制度的演进,从根本上说是工业化推进的必然产物。战后初期,还处于农业社会的台湾地区着眼于社会公平,推行了以耕者有其田为目标的土地改革,形成了以自耕农为主体的小农经济格局。1960年代以来,随着工业化的推进,农地制度的目标从以追求社会公平转向追求土地利用效率,其变革有两个主要路径,一是实施共同、委托经营及合作经营等经营方式,以追求扩大农地经营规模;二是在农地管理上,由严格的管制转向开放农地的自由买卖。农地制度演进的方向,客观上顺应了工业化的推进,但同时也产生了不少问题,比较突出的是扩大农地经营规模成效不彰,开放农地自由买卖进一步助长了土地投机。产生这些问题的直接原因是工业化所导致的工农业的巨大反差,深层次的原因则在于台湾地区政治制度存在巨大的缺陷。After the Second World War,Taiwan's agricultural land system's evolution has been fundamentally an inevitable product of the advance of industrialization.In the early post-war period,Taiwan,which was still an agricultural society,focused on social justice and carried out land reform with the goal of giving land to the tillers,and formed a small-scale peasant economic pattern with self-employed farrmers as the main body.Since the 1960s,with the advancement of industrialization,the goal of the agricultural land system has changed from the pursuit of social justice to the pursuit of land use effciency.There are two main ways for its reform:one is to implement joint,entrusted,and cooperative management in order to expand the scale of agricultural land management;the second is the shift from strict control to the opening of the free sale of agricultural land in the management of agricultural land.The evolution direction of the agricultural land system has objectively responded to the promotion of industrialization,but at the same time,it has also produced many problems.The more prominent is that the effect of expanding the scale of agricultural land management is not obvious;opening up the free trading of agricultural land has further encouraged land speculation.These problems directly stemmed from the huge contrast between industry and agriculture caused by industrialization and the deep-seated lies in the huge defects in Taiwan's political system.

关 键 词：工业化 农地制度 制度变迁 战后台湾地区 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学] F321.1[历史地理—中国史]