数字平台劳动者就业身份认定及社会保障权益实现路径  

Employment Status Identification of Digital Platform Workers and Realization of Their Social Security Rights

作　　者：刘桂莲 Liu Guilian

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学管理学院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2023年第1期114-130,7,共18页International Economic Review

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“2020年后北京市相对贫困标准的制定与社会保障制度改革应对研究”(项目编号:20SRC021)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：平台经济的蓬勃发展吸引了大量新业态从业人员,从事非标准就业的劳动者占比不断上升。平台劳动者的自我雇佣、劳务合作或多平台就业的形式明显不同于传统的单一型“雇主—雇员”模式。平台劳动者兼具自雇劳动和劳动控制的性质,其就业身份认定备受争议,由此引发的社会保障问题更是关注的核心议题。本文在对平台工作类型化的基础上,探讨平台劳动者不稳定风险加剧脆弱性和真假自雇辨识的困境,并分析其对社会保障制度充足性和财务可持续性的挑战,通过合理借鉴国外平台劳动者就业身份认定和社会保障适应性调整的经验,最后从明晰雇佣关系、创新社保制度设计、分类分层次保障和优化经办管理服务等方面提出相应的政策建议。The booming development of platform economy has attracted a large number of new forms ofemployment,and the number of non-standard workers is rising.The employment forms ofplatform workers,such as self-employed workers,labor-cooperation employment,or multi-platform employment,are obviously different from the traditional“employer-employee”relationship.Platform workers are at once self-employed and controlled by the platform.Theidentification of their employment status is controversial,and the social security issue causedby this controversy has become the core issue of public discussion.Based on the classificationof platform work,this article discusses the precarious risks of platform workers,and analyzeshow to distinguish a worker is truly self-employed.Then it continues to discuss the adequacyand sustainability of social security system enforced by the platform economy.Finally,basedon some foreign experiences,the article puts forward policy suggestions from the perspectivesof employment relationship clarification,social security system innovation,and optimization ofrelevant services.

关 键 词：平台经济 平台劳动者 劳动关系认定 社会保障权益 灵活就业人员 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F49[经济管理—国民经济] D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]