哲罗鲑和川陕哲罗鲑群体多变量形态特征比较  

Multivariate analysis of Hucho taimen and Hucho bleekeri populations based on morphological characteristics

作　　者：马凯 佟广香[1,2] 张澜澜 赵成 何宝全[1] 尹家胜 张永泉 MA Kai;TONG Guangxiang;ZHANG Lanlan;ZHAO Cheng;HE Baoquan;YIN Jiasheng;ZHANG Yongquan(Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150076,China;Key Open Laboratory of Cold-Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Aquaculture of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150076,China;Heilongjiang Province Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Harbin 150010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [2]黑龙江省冷水性鱼类种质资源及增养殖重点开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [3]黑龙江省水产技术推广总站,黑龙江哈尔滨150010

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HSY202205M;2020TD56).

摘　　要：为探明珍惜濒危鱼类哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen)种内及其与川陕哲罗鲑(Hucho bleekeri)种间的外部形态差异,以新疆、黑龙江的哲罗鲑和陕西的川陕哲罗鲑为研究对象,采用传统形态学方法和框架度量法结合的方式,对3个群体的9个分节特征和35项标准化量度特征进行了统计分析。结果显示:(1)哲罗鲑两个地理群体在侧线鳞平均数上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但整体上,两个群体在全部9个分节特征上均存在个体交叉,无法进行区分。川陕哲罗鲑的臀鳍分支鳍条、侧线鳞和幽门盲囊平均数显著小于哲罗鲑(P<0.05),且二者不存在个体交叉,区分明显。(2)主成分分析共筛选出4个特征值大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达88.928%,其中第一主成分贡献率最高,主要解释了3个群体的躯干斜向形态差异。构建主成分二维散点图发现,3个群体虽能形成相对独立的组,但彼此之间仍存在个体交叉。(3)单因素方差分析显示哲罗鲑种内仅有14项主要描述头部和尾部的度量特征存在显著性差异(P<0.05),而哲罗鲑和川陕哲罗鲑之间则有29项主要描述躯干部的量度特征存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(4)判别分析共筛选出10个量度特征用于建立Fisher线性判别函数,个体被正确判入各自群体的判别率高达100%。(5)聚类分析表明哲罗鲑两个地理群体具有最近的亲缘关系,川陕哲罗鲑与新疆的哲罗鲑的亲缘关系近于黑龙江的哲罗鲑。综合分析表明:(1)哲罗鲑两个地理群体具有一定程度的形态学差异,但二者仍属同一物种。(2)川陕哲罗鲑与哲罗鲑在形态学上的差异集中于躯干部,臀鳍分支鳍条、侧线鳞和幽门盲囊数等分节特征可作为两个物种的鉴别特征,川陕哲罗鲑可能由新疆的哲罗鲑南迁进化而来。Hucho taimen and Hucho bleekeri belong to Salmoniformes,Salmonidae.Hucho are a genus of ferocious large cold-water fishes.There are two main distribution areas of H.taimen in China,namely,the Heilongjiang River Basin in the northeast and the Irtysh River Basin in the northwest.Existing research shows that from the early to the middle of the tertiary period,the Heilongjiang River Basin and the Irtysh River Basin were connected by a vast lake group distributed in northern China and Mongolia.Based on this geographical condition,the H.taimen in the two basins could freely communicate and diffuse in this period.After the middle of the tertiary period,the rivers and lakes connecting the Heilongjiang River Basin and the Irtysh River Basin shrank,and the gene exchange between the two basins stopped as the two basins became geographically isolated.H.bleekeri is an endemic species in China and the species with the lowest distribution latitude among the five species of Hucho.During the quaternary glacial period,the climate of Sichuan Province,Shaanxi Province,and Qinghai Province became cold,and H.bleekeri ancestors moved south from the northern region with a high latitude to the Yangtze River Basin.After the end of the ice sealing period,they stayed in the rivers with high altitudes and low water temperatures,and gradually evolved into the existing H.bleekeri,which is considered as a living fossil for studying the relationship between fish evolution and climate change.To determine the internal and external morphological variation between the rare and endangered H.taimen and H.bleekeri,H.taimen from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province and H.bleekeri from Shaanxi Province were used as the research object.Nine segmented characteristics and 35standardized measurement characteristics of the three populations were statistically analyzed using the traditional morphological method and the frame measurement method.The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of lateral line sc

关 键 词：哲罗鲑 川陕哲罗鲑 形态差异 主成分分析 判别分析 

分 类 号：S961[农业科学—水产养殖]