太阳极轨天文台  

Solar Polar-orbit Observatory

作　　者：邓元勇[1,9] 周桂萍 代树武[3] 王颖 冯学尚 何建森[5] 姜杰 田晖[5] 杨尚斌 侯俊峰[1,9] 颜毅华[4,9] 甘为群 白先勇[1,9] 李乐平 夏利东 黎辉[7] 苏杨[7] 熊明 张也弛[3] 朱成林 林佳本 章海鹰[10] 陈波 何玲平 封莉[7] 张红鑫 孙明哲[8] 张爱兵 陈林杰[4,9] 谭宝林[1,9] 张哲[7] 杨建峰 杨孟飞[2] 汪景琇 Yuanyong Deng;Guiping Zhou;Shuwu Dai;Ying Wang;Xueshang Feng;Jiansen He;Jie Jiang;Hui Tian;Shangbin Yang;Junfeng Hou;Yihua Yan;Weiqun Gan;Xianyong Bai;Leping Li;Lidong Xia;Hui Li;Yang Su;Ming Xiong;Yechi Zhang;Chenglin Zhu;Jiaben Lin;Haiying Zhang;Bo Chen;Lingping He;Li Feng;Hongxin Zhang;Mingzhe Sun;Aibing Zhang;Linjie Chen;Baolin Tan;Zhe Zhang;Jianfeng Yang;Mengfei Yang;Jingxiu Wang(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100101,China;China Academyof Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Instituteof Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Earthand Space Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Space and Environment,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China;Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210034,China;School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210042,China;Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [5]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [6]北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院,北京102206 [7]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210034 [8]山东大学(威海)空间科学与物理学院,威海264209 [9]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049 [10]中国科学院南京天文光学技术研究所,南京210042 [11]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,长春130033 [12]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,西安710119

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第4期298-308,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0503800);国家重点研发计划(2021YFA1600500)资助;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB41000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA150072,XDA15010700,XDA15320102,XDA04061002,XDA04075900)和中国科学院空间科学创新研究院项目(E0312101)的前期支持,中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(ZDBS-LY-SLH013);国家自然科学基金(11873059);云南省汪景琇院士工作站(202005AF150025);国家“月球与深空探测”规划项目(2011年)。

摘　　要：太阳极轨天文台利用高轨道倾角(≥80°)和小椭偏率轨道,将首次实现正面对太阳极区磁场和速度场高精度成像观测,结合多波段遥感和原位测量,为解决太阳磁活动周起源的世纪难题提供决定性观测,为破解“原始”高速太阳风的起源效应之谜提供直接观测支撑,为理解日球层整体结构突破性创建数据驱动的日球数值模型.Solar magnetic fields and related solar magnetic activities dominate the heliospheric environments from the near-Earth space, to the interplanetary space, and up to the interstellar boundary. The polar magnetic fields of the Sun and its dynamic processes are especially vital in the aspects of manifesting the internal dynamo of the Sun, and shaping magnetic fields in the heliosphere. But so far, almost all the solar satellites have been limited in the vicinity of the ecliptic plane. Due to the serious projection effect, the polar regions remain as the least-known mysterious territory of the Sun. The spacecraft of“Solar Polar-orbit Observatory(SPO)” has been designed to directly image the solar polar regions in an unprecedented way by traveling in a large solar inclination angle(≥ 80°) and a small ellipticity. Based on multi-band remote-sensing and in-situ measurements, the SPO will make breakthrough on the following top-level scientific objectives:(1) Provide decisive observations for solving the problem of the century—How the solar magnetic activity cycle originates that shapes the living environment of human beings;(2) provide direct observational supports for unveiling the origin, mechanism, and effect of the “primitive” high-speed solar wind that connects the Sun and celestial bodies in the solar system;(3) provide the necessary, complete, and self-consistent initial and boundary conditions for creating a data-driven global heliospheric numerical model that serves as the foundation for space weather prediction.To achieve these scientific objectives, the SPO will be equipped with six remote-sensing instruments and one in-situ instrument package. The remote-sensing instruments are Magnetic and Helioseismic Imager(MHI;FOV: 34′(full disk)/17′(high resolution);pixel resolution: 1″/0.5″;sensitivity: 10 G(longitudinal), 200 G(transverse);cadence: 15 min;sensitivity of Doppler velocity: 30 m/s;Cadence: 1 min), Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Telescope(EUST;FOV: 51′;spatial resolution:3.5″;imaging ba

关 键 词：多波段遥感 数据驱动 原位测量 高精度成像 直接观测 整体结构 轨道倾角 数值模型 

分 类 号：P112[天文地球—天文学]