泄洪放空洞挑流鼻坎水力特性研究  

Research on Hydraulic Properties of Composite Flip Bucket in Flood Discharge Tunnel

作　　者：黄真乾 刘华[1,2] 沈焕荣 易文敏[1] 王川[3] HUANG Zhen-qian;LIU Hua;SHEN Huan-rong;YI Wen-min;WANG Chuan(School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Development and Protection of Mountain Rivers,Chendu 610065,China;Sichuan Zumuzu River Basin Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Maerkang 624099,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [2]水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [3]四川足木足河流域水电开发有限公司,四川马尔康624099

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第2期121-124,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51709191)。

摘　　要：针对某水电站泄洪放空洞,提出了两种挑流鼻坎体型,通过泄洪放空洞单体水工模型对圆弧斜切挑坎和新型上下复合挑坎进行试验研究。对比分析了两种挑坎体型的水舌形态、挑距及下游冲坑深度等参数。试验发现,新型挑坎将水流分为两股,形成上下两层平行的水舌,呈抛物线型前后跌入河道,两层水舌的宽度控制在河道范围内。挑出的水舌流态稳定,在空间和平面上得到了充分扩散。相较于圆弧斜切挑坎,水舌的扩散范围从偏河道左侧回归到河道中间,一定程度上减小了下游河床的冲坑深度、岸边的涌波高度及冲刷流速。运用Ansys Fluent软件对设计的新型挑坎进行数值模拟计算,得到各工况下挑流水舌形态、水舌挑距、湍动能及湍动能耗散率。对比分析数值计算和模型试验结果,二者流态一致,水舌的挑距和宽度结果基本吻合,说明数值模拟可靠,为挑流消能研究提供了便利和技术支持。In view of a flood discharge hole of a hydropower station, two types of flip buckets were proposed. The experimental study was carried out with the arc bevel and the new upper and lower composite flip bucket for hydraulic model in flood discharge hole. The parameters of two types of flip buckets such as shape of the water jets, jet trajectory length and the depth of downstream scour hole were compared and analyzed. The test results show that the new type of flip bucket divides the water flow into two parts, forming two upper and lower parallel floors water jets, which fall into the river channel in a parabolic shape, and the width of the two layers of water jets is controlled within the range of the river channel. The trajectory water jets have a stable flow state and are fully diffused in space and plane. Compared with the arc bevel flip bucket, the scour depth of downstream riverbed, the surge height, and the bank flow velocity have all been reduced to a certain extent. Finally, the Ansys Fluent software was used to carry out numerical simulation verification of the designed new flip bucket, and the shape of the tongue, jet trajectory length, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate under each working condition were obtained. Comparing with the results of numerical calculation and model test, the flow patterns of the two are consistent, and the results of the trajectory length and width of the water jets are basically consistent, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation, and provides convenience and technical support for research of ski-jump energy dissipation.

关 键 词：泄洪放空洞 新型上下复合挑坎 数值模拟 模型试验 挑流水舌 

分 类 号：TV135.23[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]