黄河下游大堤外侧地下水涌水机制研究  

Mechanism of Groundwater Gushing Outside the Dike of the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：张学庆[1,2] 苏晨 刘璐[3] 孟素花 崔向向[1,2] ZHANG Xue-qing;SU Chen;LIU Lu;MENG Su-hua;CUI Xiang-xiang(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province,Shijiangzhuang 050061,China;Geo-Evironmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,河北石家庄050061 [3]河北省地质环境监测院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第2期207-210,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家地质调查项目(DD20190335,DD20221773);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2020504001);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务项目(SK202112)。

摘　　要：针对黄河下游艾山段秋汛期间大堤外侧水井涌水现象,整理研究区内的地下水位动态监测资料与地下水位统测资料,采集相关水样,结合黄河径流与当地降雨情况,综合分析研究区内第四系孔隙水井涌水机制。通过地下水位统测查明,持续高强度的降雨造成区域水位平均抬升幅度达3 m以上,减少了地下水的径流排泄量,是水井涌水的基础原因;黄河下游艾山段秋汛期间持续高水位运行,导致黄河水强烈补给地下水,是造成水井涌水的直接原因;经分析,黄河下游艾山段的水井涌水警戒水位为39.5 m,持续高水位(39.5 m及以上)运行导致水头压力显著增加,进而使大堤外侧水井涌水;涌水范围在大堤外侧500 m内。该研究阐明了黄河大堤外侧地下水的涌水机制,为预防黄河下游大堤外侧水井涌水,汛期提前排查涌水隐患提供了依据,有助于黄河下游大堤安全防护。This study analyzed the mechanism of groundwater gushing from Quaternary boreholes at Aishan section of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in autumn floods. Groundwater level analysis, meteorological analysis, runoff analysis of the Yellow River, combined with isotopic analysis of groundwater and surface water samples were used. The results show that the average groundwater level was increased more than 3 m, which reduced the groundwater runoff. The increase of groundwater level was the basic factor of groundwater gusher. Continuous high water level of the Yellow River and the intensive water replenishment of the Yellow River to groundwater directly led to the groundwater gushing. The warning groundwater level of wells near Aishan section of the lower reaches of the Yellow River was 39.5 m within the 500 m outside the dike. This paper provides a basic understanding for preventing groundwater gushing from wells outside the levee of the Yellow River, and it is helpful for the protection of the levee of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄河下游 大堤外侧 地下水涌水 机制 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]