论冰架在南极条约体系中的法律地位  

The Legal Status of Ice Shelves in the Antarctic Treaty System

作　　者：陈力[1] 刘思竹 Chen Li;Liu Sizhu(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期161-172,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“习惯国际法在海洋法领域的新发展与中国的对策研究”(项目批准号:21CFX054);国家海洋局极地考察办公室项目“冰架在南极条约体系中的地位研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：南极冰架是南极条约区域的重要组成部分,其法律地位的界定不仅取决于冰架自身的科学属性,还应在南极条约体系下进行系统解读。冰架在物理结构上具备了陆地的基本特征和功能属性,在条约文本解释中也体现出区别于南极海域和类同于南极大陆的法律地位。随着南极海洋生物资源养护委员会框架下南极海洋保护区制度的发展,分布在南极条约区域的大面积冰架是否应受《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》的调整逐步成为一个显性问题。对南极冰架法律地位的廓清关乎南极条约体系下重要公约的适用范围及其相互关系,进而将对南极国际治理产生重要深远的影响。本文的研究表明,冰架不属于《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》的适用范围和规制对象,也不在南极海洋生物资源养护委员会的规划区域之内,南极海洋保护区不应包含南极冰架。The Antarctic ice shelf is an important part of the Antarctic Treaty Area. The definition of its legal status depends not only on the scientific properties of the ice shelf, but also should be systematically interpreted under the Antarctic Treaty System. In terms of physical feature, ice shelves have the basic characteristics and functions of land, and in the interpretation of the treaty text, they also reflect the legal status that is different from the Antarctic Sea while similar to the Antarctic continent. With the development of the Antarctic marine protected area system under the framework of CCAMLR, whether the large-scale ice shelves distributed in the Antarctic Treaty area should be adjusted by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources has gradually become a dominant issue. The clarification of the legal status of Antarctic ice shelves is related to the scope of application of important conventions under the Antarctic Treaty System, and will have a crucial and far-reaching impact on Antarctic international governance. The research has shown that ice shelves are not within the scope of application and regulation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, nor are they within the planning area of CCAMLR. Accordingly, they should not be included in the Antarctic Marine Protected Area.

关 键 词：南极冰架 南极条约体系 条约解释 南极海洋生物资源养护公约 南极海洋保护区 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] X321[政治法律—法学]