燃煤机组负荷变化对碳交易的影响初探  

Study on the impact of coal-fired power load change on carbon trading

作　　者：潘荔[1] 陈忠 石丽娜[1] 杨帆[1] 李佩佩 黄宇航 黄漪帅 杨利 刘志强[1] PAN Li;CHEN Zhong;SHI Lina;YANG Fan;LI Peipei;HUANG Yuhang;HUANG Yishuai;YANG Li;LIU Zhiqiang(China Electricity Council,Beijing 100761,China;Ningxia Electric Power Co.,Ltd.of China Energy Group,Yinchuan 750000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力企业联合会,北京100761 [2]国家能源集团宁夏电力有限公司,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2022年第6期492-499,共8页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家能源投资集团有限责任公司科技项目(GJNY-21-138)。

摘　　要：随着我国新能源发电的快速发展,燃煤机组承担灵活性调节的任务艰巨,长时间变负荷运行将成为常态。本研究以宁夏区域不同类型机组为例,分析了燃煤机组负荷变化下的碳排放强度和碳排放量的特点,探讨了《2019-2020年全国碳排放权交易配额总量设定与分配实施方案(发电行业)》(以下简称“2019-2020年配额分配方案”)对机组变负荷运行碳排放的适用性,以及碳价对机组不同负荷下度电成本的影响。结果表明:2019-2020年配额分配方案中负荷(出力)系数修正系数设置基本合理。但当负荷率低于60%时,与实际排放量相比,负荷系数修正系数明显偏低,需要调整;随着碳价的提高和未来拍卖机制的引入,发电企业买碳成本或卖碳收益都将提高,当全部有偿分配拍卖碳价200元/t时,度电成本增加可高达46.09%~70.99%。可通过优化配额分配方案、调整发电策略来激励煤电机组的灵活性运行,降低电力系统整体碳排放水平。研究结果对于优化完善碳市场关键机制设计和燃煤机组运行策略具有重要参考意义。With the rapid development of new energy power generation in China,the coal-fired power generating units undertake the arduous flexibility regulation task.This study takes different types of generating units in Ningxia as an example to analyse characteristics of carbon emission intensity and carbon emission when the load of coal-fired units changes.Also,it discusses The Applicability of Implementation Plan for Allowance Setting and Allocation in National Carbon Emission Trading(Power Generation Industry)2019-2020(here in after referred to as Allowance Allocation Scheme 2019-2020)to the carbon emission allowance of units under variable load operation.The influence of carbon price on the cost per kilowatt hour of the coal-fired power generation units under different loads.It is concluded that the load correction factor in the Allowance Allocation Scheme 2019-2020 should adjusted by considering the actual carbon emission of the units under low load operation,especially the load rate is less than 60%.The cost of purchasing carbon allowance or the revenue of selling carbon allowance will increase with the increase of carbon price and the introduction of auction mechanism in the future.When the auctioned carbon price is 200 yuan/t,the cost per kilowatt hour of the coal-fired increment can be increased to 46.09%~70.99%.The optimization of allowance allocation scheme and the adjustment of power generation strategy can encourage the coal-fired power generating units to operate flexibly and reduce the overall carbon emission level of the power system.

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 负荷变化 碳交易 配额分配 碳价 度电成本 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理] TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]