烟草根茎部病原真菌的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi from the Rhizomes of Tobacco

作　　者：刘茜 李义婷 蔡刘体 张长青[1] 尹军良 汪汉成 LIU Xi;LI Yiting;CAI Liuti;ZHANG Changqing;YIN Junliang;WANG Hancheng(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2022年第6期45-52,59,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(201914、2020XM03);中国烟草总公司科技项目[110202101048(LS-08)、110202001035(LS-04)];贵州省“百层次”创新型人才项目{黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]028-1}。

摘　　要：为系统了解烟草根茎部主要病原真菌,采集根茎部发黑腐烂病株进行室内分离与鉴定,共分离到病原真菌64株。根据菌落、菌丝和孢子形态特征观察以及多基因位点系统发育分析对病原菌进行分类鉴定,并在烟草叶、茎和根部进行病原菌致病力测定。结果表明,分离得到的病原菌包括:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、接骨木镰刀菌(F. sambucinum)、共享镰刀菌(F. commune)、苏拉威镰刀菌(F. sulawesiense)、柑橘镰刀菌(F. citri)、番薯镰刀菌(F. ipomoeae)、条纹孢壳属(Lasiodiplodia brasiliense)、小孢根霉(Rhizopus microspores)和枝状枝孢菌(Cladosporium cladosporioides)。致病力测定表明,这些病原真菌对烟草都有致病力,其中接骨木镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、共享镰刀菌和L. brasiliense的致病力较强,苏拉威镰刀菌、番薯镰刀菌、柑橘镰刀菌、小孢根霉和枝状枝孢菌致病力稍弱。病原真菌的分离与鉴定结果将为科学、合理、有效地防治烟草根茎部病害提供依据。In order to systematically understand the main pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere of tobacco, diseased rhizosphere samples were collected from three tobacco planting areas. Then pathogen isolation and identification were performed in the laboratory, and 64 strains of pathogenic fungi were obtained. According to the morphological characteristics of colonies, mycelium,and spores, as well as the phylogenetic analysis of multiple gene loci, the strains were identified at the species level;and their pathogenicity were tested in leaf, stem, and root of tobacco. The results showed that the isolated pathogens included Fusarium oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. commune, F. sulawesiense, F. citri, F. ipomoeae, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, Rhizopus microspores,and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Pathogenicity assays indicated that these pathogens had certain pathogenicity to tobacco. The pathogenicity of F. sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. commune and L. brasiliense were strong. The pathogenicity of F. sulawesiense, F.citri, F. ipomoeae, R. microspores and C. cladosporioides were weak. The classification and identification results of the pathogenic fungi will provide a foundation for the scientific, reasonable, and effective control of tobacco rhizosphere diseases.

关 键 词：根茎部病害 镰刀菌属 条纹孢壳属 根霉属 枝孢属 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]